Abstract
The metabolism of starch is sensitive to changes in light and plants respond to different light regimes by adjusting their carbon metabolism and regulating enzymes that participate in starch biosynthesis. Although there are several studies showing the influence of the circadian clock mechanism on starch biosynthesis on model plants, there is still limited information on how the circadian regulation of carbon assimilation and utilization works on crop plants and long-day plants. In our previous study, we examined lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), a long-day crop plant, and determined the influence of circadian control on starch metabolism by investigating the transcriptional regulation of large (LS) and small (SS) subunits of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). However, the regulation mechanism of the enzymes responsible for the formation of the starch granule remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptional regulation of soluble starch synthase isoforms I and III (SSSI and SSSIII) and starch branching enzyme isoforms I and II (SBEI and SBEII) were examined in sink and source tissues under different photoperiods in lentils by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). The results showed that the temporal distribution of gene expression was altered when isoforms for both enzymes from the stem and leaf tissues were compared for different photoperiod regimes, exhibiting a rhythmic period of 4–6 h with maximal expression times and levels altered due to the shifting photoperiod. These results were in agreement with our previous observations on lentil AGPase supporting the circadian control of carbohydrate metabolism.
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Abbreviations
- AGPase:
-
ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase
- AGPase-LS:
-
ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit
- AGPase-SS:
-
ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit
- CAZy:
-
Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes database
- DBE:
-
Starch debranching enzyme
- GAPDH:
-
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GBSS:
-
Granule-bound starch synthase
- g DW:
-
Gram dry weight
- LD:
-
Long day photo period (16 h light / 8 h dark)
- qPCR:
-
Quantitative real time PCR
- SBE:
-
Starch branching enzyme
- SBEI:
-
Starch branching enzyme isoform I
- SBEII:
-
Starch branching enzyme isoform II
- SD:
-
Short day photo period (8 h light / 16 h dark)
- SP:
-
Starch phosphorylase
- SSSI:
-
Starch synthase
- SSS:
-
Soluble starch synthase
- SSSI:
-
Soluble starch synthase isoform I
- SSSIII:
-
Soluble starch synthase isoform III
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank I. Halil Kavakli at the Koc University, Turkey, for their critical reading and helpful discussion. We thank Kayhan Derecik at the Department of Botany, Istanbul University, Turkey for helpful discussion. This work was supported by Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Administration (BAP) grants 28805 and 29356. YCG and KB contributed equally to this work.
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Fig S1
Tissue specific, immediate response of gene expression levels for SSS and SBE isoforms to light illumination at stem and leaf tissues quantified by qPCR. a Quantitative analysis of SSSI and SSSIII isoforms. b Quantitative analysis of SBEI and SBEIII isoforms. Stem and leaf tissues just before a new photosynthetic cycle, from 24-day-old lentil seedlings which were grown on short-day (SD) (8 h light / 16 h dark) and long-day (LD) (16 h light / 8 h dark) photoperiods were harvested just before illumination (0 h samples). All values first normalized with GAPDH expression level and then quantified as described in materials and methods. All reactions were performed in biological triplicates (each triplicate with two technical replicates). The SD was judged by Student’s t-test. Asterisks indicate significant differences at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (PNG 153 kb)
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Gercek, Y.C., Boztas, K., Aydin, C. et al. Expression analyses of soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme isoforms in stem and leaf tissues under different photoperiods in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Biologia 77, 593–607 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00976-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00976-7