Abstract
Sulphur (S) metabolism plays a crucial role in response to heavy metal stress. It has been well demonstrated that the deficiency of S is a limiting factor to plant capability to cope with chromium (Cr) stress. However, little is known about the plant response to S-deficiency and Cr stress at the proteome level. In the present study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to examine the role of S supply on Cr-induced proteomic alterations in the roots of maize seedlings. Maize seedlings were exposed to Cr (0 and 100 μM) and different S concentrations (0 and 1 mM) for seven days. Biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weights) was significantly decreased by Cr stress (100 μM), and this decrease was more pronounced under S-deficiency condition. Analysis of proteins on gels detected 54 proteins that exhibited differential expression patterns, out of which 38 were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/ time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. Of these, 21 proteins were up-regulated and 17 proteins were down-regulated by >1.5-fold S-deficiency and/or under Cr stress. The majority of the proteins functioned in stress defence, protein metabolism, and energy metabolism. Our results show that S supplementation enhanced the tolerance to Cr stress by increasing the abundance of stress defence-related proteins including pathogenesis-related protein 10, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase [Mn], glutathione S-transferase 3, proteasome subunit alpha type 6, IN2–1 protein, and ABA-responsive protein. This study may provide new insights into the proteomic response mechanisms of maize seedlings under Cr stress and/or S-deficiency.
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Abbreviations
- 2-DE :
-
Two-dimensional electrophoresis
- ACN:
-
Acetonitrile
- DTT:
-
Dithiothreitol
- IEF:
-
Isoelectric focussing
- IPG:
-
Immobilized pH gradient
- MALDI-TOF/TOF:
-
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/ time-of-flight
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- PCs:
-
Phytochelatins
- RDW:
-
Root dry weight
- RFW:
-
Root fresh weight
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SDS-PAGE:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SDW:
-
Shoot dry weight
- SFW:
-
Shoot fresh weight
- TFA:
-
Trifluoroacetic acid
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: 17.KARIYER.116). The authors gratefully acknowledge the Medicinal Genetics Laboratory of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University and the DEKART Proteomics Laboratory of Kocaeli University for their technical help. We also thank Afyon Kocatepe University’s Foreign Language Support Unit for language editing.
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This study has been funded by Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: 17.KARIYER.116).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Hakan Terzi and Mustafa Yıldız. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hakan Terzi and Mustafa Yıldız and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Terzi, H., Yıldız, M. Proteomic responses of maize roots to the combined stress of sulphur deficiency and chromium toxicity. Biologia 76, 1887–1899 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00752-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00752-7