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Physiological and proteomic alterations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under hexavalent chromium stress

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Abstract

Main Conclusion

Rice plants employ two strategies to cope with Cr toxicity: immobilizing Cr ions into cell walls to reduce its translocation and activating antioxidant defense to mitigate Cr-induced oxidative stress.

The investigation aimed at understanding the physiological and proteomic responses of rice seedlings to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) stress was conducted using two rice genotypes, which differ in Cr tolerance and accumulation. Cr toxicity (200 µM) heavily increased the accumulation of H2O2 and \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{ \cdot-}}\), enhanced lipid peroxidation, decreased cell viability and consequently inhibited rice plant growth. Proteomic analyses suggest that the response of rice proteome to Cr stress is genotype- and Cr dosage-dependent and tissue specific. Sixty-four proteins, which show more than fourfold difference under either two Cr levels, have been successfully identified. They are involved in a range of cellular processes, including cell wall synthesis, energy production, primary metabolism, electron transport and detoxification. Two proteins related to cell wall structure, NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase and reversibly glycosylated polypeptide were greatly up-regulated by Cr stress. Their enhancements coupled with callose accumulation by Cr suggest that cell wall is an important barrier for rice plants to resist Cr stress. Some enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, such as ferredoxin-NADP reductase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glutamine synthetase 1 (GS1) have also been identified in response to Cr stress. However, they were only detected in Cr-tolerant genotype, indicating the genotypic difference in the capacity of activating the defense system to fight against Cr-induced oxidative stress. Overall, two strategies in coping with Cr stress in rice plants can be hypothesized: (i) immobilizing Cr ions into cell walls to reduce its translocation and (ii) activating antioxidant defense to mitigate Cr-induced oxidative stress.

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Abbreviations

2-DE:

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Al:

Aluminum

As:

Arsenic

BGAF:

Beta-glucosidase aggregating factor

Cd:

Cadmium

Cr:

Chromium

Cr6+ :

Hexavalent chromium

Cu:

Copper

Fd-GOGAT:

Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase

FNR:

Ferredoxin-NADP reductase

GADPH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Gly I:

Glyoxalase I

GS:

Glutamine synthetase

GSH:

Glutathione

HSP:

Heat shock protein

ICDH:

NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase

K2Cr2O7 :

Potassium dichromate

MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS:

MALDI time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer

Mn:

Manganese

NED:

NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase

Ni:

Nickel

OEC:

Oxygen-evolving complex

OsVDAC:

Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein

Pb:

Lead

PC:

Principal component

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PGLP:

2-Phosphoglycolate phosphatase

pI :

Isoelectric point

RGP:

Reversibly glycosylated polypeptide

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RuBisCO:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SAMS:

S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101107) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20110491820). We are immensely grateful to Beijing Proteome Research Center for their expert technical assistance in 2-DE and mass spectrometry analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Fanrong Zeng, Xiaojian Wu, Boyin Qiu, Feibo Wu, Lixi Jiang & Guoping Zhang

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  1. Fanrong Zeng
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  2. Xiaojian Wu
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Correspondence to Guoping Zhang.

Electronic supplementary material

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425_2014_2077_MOESM1_ESM.pptx

Supplementary Fig. S1: Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gel maps of total leaf proteome of rice seedlings (PPTX 604 kb)

425_2014_2077_MOESM2_ESM.pptx

Supplementary Fig. S2: Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gel maps of total root proteome of rice seedlings (PPTX 697 kb)

425_2014_2077_MOESM3_ESM.docx

Supplementary Table S1: Identification of Cr stress-induced differentially expressed RuBisCO large subunits in rice leaves by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis (DOCX 120 kb)

Supplementary Table S2: MASCOT search results of identified protein spots from rice leaf (XLSX 258 kb)

Supplementary Table S3: MASCOT Search Results of identified protein spots from rice root (XLSX 110 kb)

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Zeng, F., Wu, X., Qiu, B. et al. Physiological and proteomic alterations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under hexavalent chromium stress. Planta 240, 291–308 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2077-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2077-3

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