Abstract
Abiotic stresses including fluoride (F−) affect the quality and quantity of plant growth right from germination. The present study comparatively evaluates physiological and biochemical changes in four staple crops (Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays and Pennisetum glaucum) against F− toxicity (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 µg mL−1) during germination. Fluoride (µg g−1) accumulation in tissues of seedlings exhibited: O. sativa (8.9) > Z. mays (7.89) > P. glaucum (6.5) > T. aestivum (6.17) against 250 µg F− mL−1, in 15d-old seedlings. T. aestivum was most sensitive among the studied crops, owing to its lowest LC50 (132 µg mL−1), F−accumulation, correspondingly highest reduction in phytohormone (gibberellic acid, 32.6%), glycolytic enzyme (enolase, 46.38%), starch hydrolysis enzyme (α-amylase, 40%), total chlorophyll (7.81%) and fresh weight (20.83%) against 50 µg F− mL−1. Contrarily, P. glaucum had the highest LC50 (188 µg mL−1) and the highest Km value (167.2), exhibiting tolerance towards F−. Enhancement in the expression of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity were in the order: O. sativa > T. aestivum > Z. mays > P. glaucum. Further, F− stress also distorted the stomatal shape and reduced the number and diameter of metaxylem in all the F−-treated seedlings, against all F−concentrations.
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P. (India) for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the study (OLP-0110). GS is grateful to SERB, New Delhi, for the award of National Post-doctoral Fellowship and financial support of this project (File No PDF/2018/000695) and SM is thankful to SERB project No. CRG/2019/003936. The manuscript was subjected to plagiarism check (iThenticate) through the institutional ethics committee to ensure that it abides by all ethical norms. Upon finding it suitable, it was provided with the no. CSIR-NBRI_MS/2021/07/03.
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Singh, G., Kumari, B., Singh, J. et al. A comparative assessment of fluoride uptake and toxicity in four major crop seedlings: reduction of α-amylase activity and gibberellic acid. Acta Physiol Plant 45, 87 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-023-03543-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-023-03543-6