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Preparation and characteristics of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils from bamboo pulp and their oxygen-barrier application in PLA films

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Abstract

Bleached bamboo kraft pulp was pretreated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO)- mediated oxidation using a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH = 10 in water to facilitate mechanical disintegration into TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TO-CNs). A series of TO-CNs with different carboxylate contents were obtained by varying amounts of added NaClO. An increase in carboxylate contents results in aqueous TO-CN dispersions with higher yield, zeta potential values, and optical transparency. When carboxylate groups are introduced, the DPv value of the TO-CNs remarkably decreases and then levels off. And the presence of hemicellulose in the pulp is favorable to TEMPO oxidization. After the oxidization, the native cellulose I crystalline structure and crystal size of bamboo pulp are almost maintained. TEM micrographs revealed that the degree of nanofibrillation is directly proportional to the carboxylate contents. With increasing carboxylate contents, the free-standing TO-CN films becomes more transparent and mechanically stronger. The oxygen permeability of PLA films drastically decreases from 355 for neat PLA to 8.4 mL∙m–2∙d–1 after coating a thin layer of TO-CN with a carboxylate content of 1.8 mmol∙g–1. Therefore, inexpensive and abundant bamboo pulp would be a promising starting material to isolate cellulose nanfibrils for oxygen-barrier applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the Public Welfare Projects of Zhejiang Province (No. 2016C33029 & 2017C33113), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21404092), and Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University (No. 2013FR088).

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  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China

    Bozhen Wu

  2. Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-efficiency Utilization, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Biyao Geng, Yufei Chen, Hongzhi Liu & Qiang Wu

  3. School of Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Biyao Geng, Yufei Chen, Hongzhi Liu, Guangyao Li & Qiang Wu

Authors
  1. Bozhen Wu
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  2. Biyao Geng
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  3. Yufei Chen
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  4. Hongzhi Liu
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  5. Guangyao Li
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  6. Qiang Wu
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Correspondence to Hongzhi Liu, Guangyao Li or Qiang Wu.

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Wu, B., Geng, B., Chen, Y. et al. Preparation and characteristics of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils from bamboo pulp and their oxygen-barrier application in PLA films. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 11, 554–563 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-017-1673-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-017-1673-8

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