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Development of pH indicator smart packaging films with anthocyanins from the purple star apple shell (Chrysophyllum cainito L.)

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Abstract

This work evaluates the extraction of anthocyanins from star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) fruit peel as an indicator in smart films that respond to color change at different pH concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Thermoplastic films (TPS) composed of corn starch and concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (w/w) of Chrysophyllum cainito L. peel extract were fabricated for characterization. The FTIR results revealed the characteristic bands of the polymer composed with extract and evidenced the increase of this compound exhibiting an increase in the intensity of the bands. SEM results evidenced the interaction between starch and glycerol, as well as an increase in the growth of clumps as the anthocyanin concentration increased; similar tendency was observed in the thermal analysis. The degradation temperatures and mass loss varied as the amount of anthocyanin contained in the film increased. The evaluation of the response of the films as indicators against various pH’s showed saturated color changes as the % anthocyanin contained in the film increased at all pH values evaluated. According to the obtained results, it is concluded that the anthocyanin concentration influences the physicochemical and thermal properties of the films; therefore, TPS/anthocyanin films are potential candidates to be used as pH indicators in the food industry.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), for the financial support for the project 10294.21-PD. The authors are grateful to the Mexican Council for Science, Humanities and Technology (CONHACYT) for the provision of the scholarship for Master student Augusto Ricardo Fernandez Mendez. Technical help is acknowledged to José Rodriguez Laviada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní, Cuerpo Académico Bioprocesos, Av. Ah-Canul, C.P. 24900, Calkini, Campeche, Mexico

    Y. A. Chim-Chi, A. R. Fernández-Méndez, E. Pérez-Pacheco, J. C. Canto-Pinto, R. J. Estrada-León, A. Ortiz-Fernández & M. A. A. Dzul-Cervantes

  2. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P 97205, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

    C. R. Ríos-Soberanis

  3. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico norte kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, C.P. 97302, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

    Y. Pérez-Padilla

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  1. Y. A. Chim-Chi
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Chim-Chi, Y.A., Fernández-Méndez, A.R., Pérez-Pacheco, E. et al. Development of pH indicator smart packaging films with anthocyanins from the purple star apple shell (Chrysophyllum cainito L.). Food Measure 18, 2651–2660 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-02344-2

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