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Valorization of fruit seeds by polyphenol recovery using microwave-assisted aqueous extraction: modelling and optimization of process parameters

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Abstract

Fruit seeds are by-products of fruit processing industries which are rich in bioactive compounds including phenolic compounds. In this study, the efficiency of the microwave-assisted aqueous extraction (MAAE) technique on the recovery of total phenolic content (TPC) from jackfruit, jamun and papaya seeds was explored. The process with three independent parameters (microwave power, treatment time and seed powder to solvent ratio) was developed and optimized individually for all three seeds using both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network- genetic algorithm (ANN- GA) to maximize the response (TPC). The value of TPC at the RSM optimized condition was 8.79 mg GAE/100 g, 211.87 mg GAE/100 g and 31.38 mg GAE/100 g and at the ANN optimized condition were 30.09 mg GAE/100 g, 252.01 mg GAE/100 g and 37.55 mg GAE/100 g for jackfruit, jamun and papaya seed, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control extract. Moreover, the ANN model for all three seeds displayed better performance with higher extraction yield and fewer statistical errors as compared to RSM. Hence, the study concludes that MAAE could be an excellent alternative to extract phenolic compounds from fruit seeds with maximum yield.

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Abbreviations

MAAE:

Microwave-assisted aqueous extraction

RSM:

Response surface methodology

ANN-GA:

Artificial neural network- genetic algorithm

TPC:

Total phenolic content

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

BBD:

Box-Behnken design

FC:

Folin-Ciocalteu

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

Y:

Predicted value of the response

b:

Regression coefficients

X:

Independent variables

AAD:

Average absolute deviation

MSE:

Mean square error

RMSE:

Root mean square error

NMSE:

Normalized mean square error

NRMSE:

Normalized root mean square error

MPE:

Mean percentage error

R2 :

Coefficient of determination

SD:

Standard deviation

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Author notes

  1. Ailin Anna Manoj, Alfine Fathima, Bijina Naushad, and Sivaganga Sunilkumar contributed equally to the article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Technology, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kottayam, Kerala, 686532, India

    Ailin Anna Manoj, Alfine Fathima, Bijina Naushad, Sivaganga Sunilkumar & S. Abdullah

  2. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India

    M. Anjaly Shanker

Authors
  1. Ailin Anna Manoj
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  2. Alfine Fathima
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  5. M. Anjaly Shanker
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  6. S. Abdullah
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Correspondence to S. Abdullah.

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Manoj, A.A., Fathima, A., Naushad, B. et al. Valorization of fruit seeds by polyphenol recovery using microwave-assisted aqueous extraction: modelling and optimization of process parameters. Food Measure 17, 4280–4293 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-01955-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-01955-z

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