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Characterization of phenolics in different parts of selected Capparis species harvested in low and high rainfall season

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Abstract

The stem bark, shoot, fruit, flower and root from Capparis spinosa and Capparis decidua, harvested in April and September (corresponding to low and high rainfall season, respectively), were investigated for variations in the contents of total phenols, flavonoids and individual phenolics. Aqueous methanol (80%) soluble extracts from different parts of the selected species, were evaluated colorimetrically for total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. Relatively, a higher extract yield (5.57–42.43%), TPC (157.3–348.6 GAE mg/100 g), TFC (229.2–584.9 CE mg/100 g) for both the species were recorded for September samples. Among the parts tested of both the species, fruits offered higher content of total phenolics (235.1–455.3 GAE mg/100 g) whereas flowers contained greater amount of flavonoids (96.7–269.9 CE mg/100 g). A notably variable content of phenolic compounds (0.24–94.22 mg/100 g) such as gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and sinapic acid were detected by RP-HPLC in different parts of the selected species; however, sinapic acid was not detected in the flowers of both the species. It can be concluded from the findings of the present study that season has significant effect on the phenolics profiling of Capparis plants and thus collection of different parts of the selected species in an appropriate season can be beneficial towards maximizing their functional food and nutraceutical benefits.

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Acknowledgements

This research study is a part of Ph.D. research funded by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. The authors are thankful to HEC for providing grant to accomplish the research work through Ph.D. Indigenous Fellowship Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Tehseen Gull & Bushra Sultana

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Farooq Anwar, Tahir Mehmood & Muhammad Sher

  3. Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Wasif Nouman

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  1. Tehseen Gull
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Correspondence to Farooq Anwar or Wasif Nouman.

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Gull, T., Sultana, B., Anwar, F. et al. Characterization of phenolics in different parts of selected Capparis species harvested in low and high rainfall season. Food Measure 12, 1539–1547 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9769-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9769-5

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