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Gradient Wire and Arc Additive Remanufacturing of 5CrNiMo Hot Forging Die: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Applications

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Abstract

The surface of the hot forging die is prone to failure due to severe high heat and cyclical load during service. The remanufacturing of a forging die by wire and arc additive manufacturing technology could greatly improve the performance of the die and prolong its service life. In this paper, the remanufactured zone of the die was divided into three additive deposition layers with gradient mechanical properties based on temperature and stress analysis, namely, the transition layer, intermediate layer and strengthen layer, according to the thermal and stress conditions. A wire and arc additive manufacturing experiment with gradient material was conducted on 5CrNiMo hot forging die steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the gradient additive layer were characterized and analyzed. The results indicated that the microstructure of the gradient additive layer presents a transformation process of bainite-to-martensite from bottom to top. The hardness and strength of the transition layer, intermediate layer and strengthen layer exhibit a rational gradient increasing trend, while the impact toughness shows a decreasing trend. The wear loss and cumulative friction dissipated energy of the strengthen layer are considerably lower than those of the other layers. The mechanical properties of the gradient additive layer are shown as a gradient increase in hardness, strength, and wear resistance at high temperature, which is conducive to enhancing the overall pressure bearing capacity and preventing the failure of plastic deformation on the surface of the remanufactured hot forging die.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Major Projects of Technological Innovation in Hubei Province (2019AAA075 and 2020BED010), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M682498), and the Support Plan Project of Science and Technology in Hubei Province (2014BAA271). The authors gratefully thank all staffs of Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components. We also would like to thank Yunyun Zou from Shiyanjia Lab (www.shiyanjia.com) for the friction test and analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Mao Ni, Xunpeng Qin, Feilong Ji, Zeqi Hu & Xiaochen Xiong

  2. School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Mao Ni, Xunpeng Qin, Feilong Ji, Zeqi Hu & Xiaochen Xiong

  3. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Mao Ni, Xunpeng Qin, Feilong Ji, Zeqi Hu & Xiaochen Xiong

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  1. Mao Ni
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Ni, M., Qin, X., Ji, F. et al. Gradient Wire and Arc Additive Remanufacturing of 5CrNiMo Hot Forging Die: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Applications. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 33, 1654–1671 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08095-x

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