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Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Copper–Steel Dissimilar Friction Stir Weld Fabricated by Presetting an Integrated Aluminum Barrier Layer

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Abstract

The conventional friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar materials with high melting points, such as copper and steel, is prone to involve harmful intermetallic compounds (IMCs), large welding forces and the wear of welding tool, which are not conducive to stabilize the welding process and produce high-quality joints. In order to avoid the above problems, an aluminum plate with a T-shaped cross section is set as an integrated barrier layer for the copper–steel butt joint during the dissimilar FSW of this study. The results show that the convex width of the T-shaped cross-sectional barrier layer has significant effects on the formation of IMCs and the mechanical properties of joints. With the increase in the convex width, the fragments of copper and steel in the nugget zone and the IMCs at the Cu/Al interface are both reduced significantly. Under the optimum welding parameters, the tensile strength of joint reaches to 91% of that of the copper base metal. Under such a case, a thin and continuous IMC layer is formed at the Cu/Al interface, which is responsible for the high strength of the dissimilar copper–steel FSW joint.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to be supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52171032) and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. E2020501021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People’s Republic of China

    Suhang Liu, Huijie Zhang, Yang Guo & Qiuzhi Gao

  2. Tianjin Aerospace Long March Rocket Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300452, People’s Republic of China

    Kang Ma & Jianling Song

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  1. Suhang Liu
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  2. Huijie Zhang
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  4. Kang Ma
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Correspondence to Huijie Zhang.

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Liu, S., Zhang, H., Guo, Y. et al. Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Copper–Steel Dissimilar Friction Stir Weld Fabricated by Presetting an Integrated Aluminum Barrier Layer. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 32, 8195–8205 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07725-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07725-0

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