Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA2024 and AA7075 Dissimilar Alloys

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the heat input from friction stir welding of AA2024 and AA7075 dissimilar alloys was calculated, and the relationship between the heat input and mechanical properties was studied in detail. Additionally, the effect of heat on welding was analyzed. When the welding parameters were 800 rpm-400 mm/min, the Ultimate tensile strength of the joint was at its highest (346 MPa), and the elongation was 3%. A significantly higher or lower temperature led to lower tensile strength and elongation. Too low heat input failed to deform the material completely, and the fluidity of the material formed from the two base metals was poor. Excessive heat input led to the dissolution of precipitates, grain coarsening, reduced grain bonding, and other microstructural changes. When the heat input is higher, the cooling rate is faster, which can easily cause holes at the bonding interface. In the stir zone, owing to the difference in the thermal gradient of the upper and lower parts, the bottom of the material is not softened completely owing to the lack of heat, and stress concentration occurs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.L. de Bonfils-Lahovary, L. Laffont, C. Blanc, Characterization of intergranular corrosion defects in a 2024-T351 aluminum alloy[J], Corros Sci, 2017, 119, p 60–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Li, H. Dong, L. Shi et al., Corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy weld, Corros Sci, 2017, 123, p 243–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J.Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, R. Mishra et al., Microstructural investigation of friction stir welded 7050–T651 aluminium, Acta Mater., 2003, 51(3), p 713–729.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. C. Genevois, A. Deschamps, A. Denquin et al., Quantitative investigation of precipitation and mechanical behaviour for AA2024 friction stir welds, Acta Mater, 2005, 53(8), p 2447–2458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Fattah-Alhosseini, M. Naseri, D. Gholami et al., Microstructure and corrosion characterization of the nugget region in dissimilar friction-stir-welded AA5083 and AA1050, J Mater Sci, 2019, 54(1), p 777–790.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Manikandan and G. Elatharasan, Effect of process parameters on microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar aluminium alloys AA 6061 and AA 7075, Int. J. Rapid Manuf., 2020, 9(1), p 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. P. Liu, S. Sun, S. Xu et al., Microstructure and properties in the weld surface of friction stir welded 7050–T7451 aluminium alloys by laser shock peening, Vacuum, 2018, 152, p 25–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. V. Balasubramanian and A.K. Lakshminarayanan, The mechanical properties of the GMAW, GTAW and FSW joints of the RDE-40 aluminium alloy, Int. J. Microstruct. Mater. Prop., 2008, 3(4–5), p 837–853.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Z.Y. Ma, A.H. Feng, D.L. Chen et al., Recent Advances in Friction stir welding/processing of aluminum alloys: microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2018, 43(4), p 269–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. L. Dubourg, A. Merati and M. Jahazi, Process optimisation and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welds of 7075–T6 stringers on 2024–T3 skin, Mater. Des., 2010, 31(7), p 3324–3330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. I. Radisavljevic, A. Zivkovic, N. Radovic et al., Influence of FSW parameters on formation quality and mechanical properties of Al 2024–T351 butt welded joints, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China (English Edition), 2013, 23(12), p 3525–3539.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Entesari, A. Abdollah-Zadeh, N. Habibi et al., Experimental and numerical investigations into the failure mechanisms of friction stir welded AA7075-T6 thin sheets, J Manuf Process, 2017, 29(Oct), p 74–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. T.S. Rao, G.M. Reddy and S. Rao, Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA7075–T651 aluminum alloy thick plates, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China, 2015, 25(6), p 1770–1778.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mahoney, W.H. Bingel et al., Effects of friction stir welding on microstructure of 7075 aluminum, Scripta Mater, 1997, 36(1), p 69–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. C.G. Zhang, G.J. Huang, Y. Cao et al., Microstructure evolution of thermo-mechanically affected zone in dissimilar AA2024/7075 joint produced by friction stir welding, Vacuum, 2020, 179, p 109515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M.M. Moradi, J. Aval, R. Jamaati et al., Microstructure and texture evolution of friction stir welded dissimilar aluminum alloys: AA2024 and AA6061, J. Manuf. Process., 2018, 32, p 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. H.K. Rafi, G.D.J. Ram, G. Phanikumar et al., Microstructure and tensile properties of friction welded aluminum alloy AA7075-T6, Mater. Des., 2010, 31(5), p 2375–2380.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. F.J. Liu, L. Fu and H.Y. Chen, Microstructure evolution and fracture behaviour of friction stir welded 6061–T6 thin plate joints under high rotational speed, Sci Technol Weld Joi, 2017, 23(4), p 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Ghosh, K. Kumar and R.S. Mishra, Friction stir lap welded advanced high strength steels: microstructure and mechanical properties, Mat Sci Eng A-Struct, 2011, 528(28), p 8111–8119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Harris and A.F. Norman, Effect of welding heat input and post-welded heat treatment on hardness of stir zone for friction stir-welded 2024–T3 aluminum alloy, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China, 2015, 25(8), p 2524–2532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Bisadi, A. Tavakoli, M.T. Sangsaraki et al., The influences of rotational and welding speeds on microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al5083 and commercially pure copper sheets lap joints, Mater Design, 2013, 43(JAN), p 80–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H. Aydin, A. Bayram and I. Durgun, The effect of post-weld heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 2024–T4 friction stir-welded joints, Mater Design, 2010, 31(5), p 2568–2577.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C.H. Zhang, G.G. Huang, Y. Gao et al., Microstructure evolution of thermo-mechanically affected zone in dissimilar AA2024/7075 joint produced by friction stir welding, Vacuum, 2020, 179, p 109515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. N. Birbilis, M.K. Cavanaugh and R.G. Buchheit, Electrochemical behavior and localized corrosion associated with Al7Cu2Fe particles in aluminum alloy 7075–T651, Corrosion Sci, 2006, 48(12), p 4202–4215.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M. Navaser and M. Atapour, Effect of friction stir processing on pitting corrosion and intergranular attack of 7075 aluminum alloy, J Mater Sci Technol, 2017, 033(002), p 155–165.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. O.P. Abolusoro, E.T. Akinlabi and S.V. Kailas, Tool rotational speed impact on temperature variations, mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welding of dissimilar high-strength aluminium alloys, J Braz Soc Mech Sci, 2020, 42, p 176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Ghosh, K. Kumar and R.S. Mishra, Friction stir lap welded advanced high strength steels: microstructure and mechanical properties, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2011, 528(28), p 8111–8119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Malopheyev, I. Vysotskiy et al., Optimization of processing-microstructure-properties relationship in friction-stir welded 6061–T6 aluminum alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2016, 662, p 136–143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. L.E. Murr, G. Liu and J.C. Mcclure, A TEM study of precipitation and related microstructures in friction-stir-welded 6061 aluminium, J. Mater. Sci., 1998, 33(5), p 1243–1251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This study was funded by Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (20171BAB216033); Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project (GJJ170501); The cultivation project of the State key Laboratory of Green Development and High-value Utilization of Ionic Rare Earth Resources in Jiangxi Province (20194AFD44003); Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (20171BAB206030); Ganzhou Science and Technology Plan Project Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program; Ganzhou Science and Technology Plan Project; Jiangxi University of Science and Technology PhD Foundation Funded Project (JXXJBS16001). We thank Kate Nairn, PhD, from Liwen Bianji (Edanz) (www.liwenbianji.cn/), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China

    Shun Xiao & Lirong Huang

  2. Engineering Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China

    Yongfang Deng, Jincheng Zeng & Weichao Zhang

Authors
  1. Shun Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yongfang Deng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jincheng Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Weichao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lirong Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Shun Xiao: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing-Original Draft, Writing-Revive & Editing. Yongfang Deng: Writing-Revive & Editing, Resources, Funding acquisition. Jingcheng Zeng: Conceptualization, Methodology. Weichao Zhang: Investigation. Lirong Huang: Writing-Revive, Funding acquisition. All authors agree to participate in the completion of the manuscript and the publication of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lirong Huang.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

The submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere. The manuscript was not been submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration.

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xiao, S., Deng, Y., Zeng, J. et al. Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA2024 and AA7075 Dissimilar Alloys. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 30, 7989–7997 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06000-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06000-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation