Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Cooled Friction Stir Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloys

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two mm-thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates were friction stir butt welded under natural- and rapid-cooling conditions. The microstructures and mechanical properties of joints were investigated and compared. The rapid cooling via spraying cooling liquid nitrogen on the plate top surface was beneficial to obtaining a narrower cross section and finer and more uniform grains in the stir zone than those obtained by natural cooling. Joint tensile strength of 1021 MPa and elongation of 1.88% under the rapid-cooling condition respectively reached 102.7 and 150.4% of those under the natural-cooling condition, respectively. The uniform-and-compact equiaxed grains led to equiaxed dimples on the fracture surface, which demonstrated a ductile fracture of the welding joints.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Z.H. Zhang, W.Y. Li, J.L. Li, and Y.J. Chao, Numerical Analysis of Effect of Backplate Diffusivity on the Transient Temperature in Friction Stir Welding, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22, p 2446–2450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.M. Yue, Z.W. Li, S.D. Ji, Y.X. Huang, and Z.L. Zhou, Effect of Reverse-Threaded Pin on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Lap Welded Alclad 2024 Aluminum Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32, p 671–675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Hajinezhad and A. Azizi, Numerical Analysis of Effect of Coolant on the Transient Temperature in Underwater Friction Stir Welding of Al6061-T6, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2016, 83, p 1241–1252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Zhang and H. Liu, Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Welding Defects in Underwater Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy, Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal., 2012, 1, p 269–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S.Y. Tarasov, V.E. Rubtsov, S.V. Fortuna, A.A. Eliseev, A.V. Chumaevsky, T.A. Kalashnikova, and E.A. Kolubaev, Ultrasonic-Assisted Aging in Friction Stir Welding on Al-Cu-Li-Mg Aluminum Alloy, Weld. World, 2017, 61, p 679–690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. X. Jiang, B.P. Wynne, and J. Martin, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welded Ti6Al4V Alloy, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2015, 20, p 594–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S.D. Ji, Z.W. Li, Y. Wang, and L. Ma, Joint Formation and Mechanical Properties of Back Heating Assisted Friction Stir Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy, Mater. Des., 2017, 113, p 37–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Jariyaboon, A.J. Davenport, R. Ambat, B.J. Connolly, S.W. Williams, and D.A. Price, The Effect of Cryogenic CO2 Cooling on Corrosion Behaviour of Friction Stir Welded AA2024-T351, Corros. Eng., Sci. Technol., 2009, 44, p 425–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R.D. Fu, Z.Q. Sun, and R.C. Sun, Improvement of Weld Temperature Distribution and Mechanical Properties of 7050 Aluminum Alloy Butt Joints by Submerged Friction Stir Welding, Mater. Des., 2011, 32, p 4825–4831

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. N.D. Ghetiya, K.M. Patel, and A.B. Patel, Prediction of Temperature at Weldline in Air and Immersed Friction Stir Welding and Its Experimental Validation, J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2015, 79, p 1239–1246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Zhao, S. Jiang, S.F. Yang, Z.P. Lu, and K. Yan, Influence of Cooling Conditions on Joint Properties and Microstructures of Aluminum and Magnesium Dissimilar Alloys by Friction Stir Welding, J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2016, 83, p 673–679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. H.M. Liang, K. Yan, Q.Z. Wang, Y. Zhao, C. Liu, and H. Zhang, Improvement in Joint Strength of Spray-Deposited Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy in Underwater Friction Stir Welding by Altered Temperature of Cooling Water, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25, p 5486–5493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. H.J. Zhang, H.J. Liu, and L. Yu, Microstructural Evolution and Its Effect on Mechanical Performance of Joint in Underwater Friction Stir Welded 2219-T6 Aluminum Alloy, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2013, 16, p 459–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. N. Xu, Q. Song, Y. Bao, Y.F. Jiang, and J. Shen, Achieving an Excellent Strength-ductility Synergy in Zircaloy-4 by FSW with Rapid Cooling, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 34, p 20–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. P. Edwards and M. Ramulu, Identification of Process Parameters for Friction Stir Welding Ti-6Al-4V, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2016, 132, p 61–78

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Fall, M. Jahazia, A.R. Khodabandehb, and M.H. Fesharaki, Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir-welded Ti-6Al-4V joints, J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2017, 91, p 2919–2931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Zhou, H.J. Liu, and Q.W. Liu, Effect of Rotation Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welded Joints, Mater. Des., 2010, 31, p 2631–2636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. H.J. Liu, L. Zhou, and Q.W. Liu, Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy, Mater. Des., 2010, 31, p 1650–1655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Yoon, R. Ueji, and H. Fujii, Effect of Rotation Rate on Microstructure and Texture Evolution During Friction Stir Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Plates, Mater. Charact., 2015, 106, p 352–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Yoon, R. Ueji, and H. Fujii, Microstructure and Texture Distribution of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joints Friction Stir Welded Below β-transus Temperature, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, 229, p 390–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Fujii, Y. Sun, H. Kato, and K. Nakata, Investigation of Welding Parameter Dependent Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welded Pure Ti Joints, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2010, 527, p 3386–3391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.M. Yue, Q. Wen, S.D. Ji, L. Ma, and Z. Lv, Effect of Temperature Field on Formation of Friction Stir Welding Joints of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy, High Temp. Mater. Process., 2017, 36, p 733–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. P.S. Davies, B.P. Wynne, and W.M. Rainforth, Development of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture During Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding of Ti-6Al-4V, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2011, 42, p 2278–2289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Z.L. Liu, Y. Wang, S.D. Ji, and Z.W. Li, Effects of Intense Cooling on Microstructure and Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34, p 209–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S.D. Ji, Y. Wang, Z.W. Li, L. Ma, L.G. Zhang, and Y.M. Yue, Effect of Plate Thickness on Tensile Property of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joint Friction Stir Welded Below β-transus Temperature, High Temp. Mater. Process., 2017, 36, p 693–699

    Google Scholar 

  26. H.J. Zhang, H.J. Liu, and L. Yu, Effect of Water Cooling on the Performances of Friction Stir Welding Heat-Affected Zone, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21, p 1182–1187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. S.D. Ji, Z.W. Li, L.G. Zhang, and Y. Wang, Eliminating the Tearing Defect in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joint by Back Heating Assisted Friction Stir Welding, Mater. Lett., 2017, 188, p 21–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Y. Zhang, Y.S. Sato, H. Kokawa, S.H.C. Park, and S. Hirano, Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welds, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2008, 485, p 448–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talent in University (No. LJQ2015084), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2016M590821) and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Technology for Ships (No. 2017B030302010).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, People’s Republic of China

    Zhenlei Liu, Yue Wang & Kang Yang

  2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Technology for Ships, CSSC Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510715, People’s Republic of China

    Dejun Yan

Authors
  1. Zhenlei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yue Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kang Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dejun Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yue Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Yang, K. et al. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Cooled Friction Stir Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloys. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 27, 4244–4252 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3491-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3491-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation