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Effect of Welding Conditions on Weld Zone Temperature and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AZ61 Magnesium Alloy Sheet

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Abstract

The peak temperature range of the weld zones of the AZ61 alloy sheet during FSW varied from 450.1 to 569.4 °C depending on the welding conditions. The evaluation of FSW integrity suggests that both void defects and tunneling cavities observed at the conditions of 400 rpm-100 mm/min and 400 rpm-300 mm/min are caused by insufficient material fluidity because of the low temperature inside the welds. However, tunnel- and surface defects at the condition of 1600 rpm-100 mm/min are caused by a high peak temperature of 569.4 °C, which leads to mass loss at the outer boundary of the stir zone because of excessive flash and local melting during the rotation of the tool. To enhance the integrity and mechanical properties of the weld, the welding parameters should be controlled such that the peak temperature in the weld zones is in the range of 493.2–508.9 °C. The microstructure of the FSWed AZ61 joints was analyzed in terms of grain size and micro-texture by optical microscopy and Electron back-scattered diffraction. The fracture behaviors and mechanical properties of the FSWed AZ61 joints were closely related to the microstructure of the thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ), and it was discussed based on the grain size and average Schmid factor in the TMAZ.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement grant funded by Minisry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (22AIRC-C164244-02), the National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST) grant by the Korea Government (MSIT) (Grant No. CRC23011-000), and the Grant (PK1702A) from the R&D program of Korea Railroad Research Institute, Republic of Korea.

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Author notes

  1. Woo Geun Lee and Yohan Go contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Material Solution Center, SKC, Suwon, 16338, Republic of Korea

    Woo Geun Lee

  2. NEBA Corporation, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea

    Yohan Go

  3. Department of Magnesium, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea

    Jae-Yeon Kim, Bong Sun You & Young Min Kim

  4. Advanced Materials Division, Hanwha Solutions, Pyeongtaek, 17953, Republic of Korea

    Seung-Ju Sun

  5. Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea

    Jae-Yong Lim

  6. ICT Based Public Transportation Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, 16105, Republic of Korea

    Jung-Seok Kim

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  1. Woo Geun Lee
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Contributions

Woo Geun Lee: investigation, methodology, data curation, writing—original draft. Yohan Go: investigation, methodology, data curation, writing—original draft. Jae-Yeon Kim: investigation, writing—review and editing. Seung-Ju Sun: investigation, methodology, data curation. Jae-Yong Lim: validation, formal analysis. Bong Sun You: funding acquisition, supervision. Jung-Seok Kim: supervision, project administration, writing—review and editing. Young Min Kim: supervision, project administration, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Jung-Seok Kim or Young Min Kim.

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Lee, W.G., Go, Y., Kim, JY. et al. Effect of Welding Conditions on Weld Zone Temperature and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AZ61 Magnesium Alloy Sheet. Met. Mater. Int. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01681-1

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