Precious Metal Distributions in Direct Nickel Matte Smelting with Low-Cu Mattes

Abstract

Base metal (Cu, Fe, and Ni) and trace element (Ag, Au, Co, Pd, and Pt) distributions between low-iron nickel mattes with [Ni]:[Cu] = 4 (w/w) have been studied at 1623 K to 1723 K (1350 °C to 1450 °C). We equilibrated small slag–matte samples with CO–CO₂–SO₂–Ar atmospheres in pre-selected $P_{{{\text{S}}_{2} }}$–$P_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }}$ points, maintaining silica saturation by fused silica crucibles. The slags studied contained about 0 to 8.5 wt pct MgO. The matte–slag distribution coefficients L ^m/s[Me] were obtained from assays by electron probe X-ray microanalysis for the matte and by laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry for the slag. The measured L ^m/s[Me] values were clearly dependent on iron concentration of the matte and on MgO concentration of the slag, with values on the order of 10⁴, 10⁵, and 10⁴ for gold, platinum, and palladium, respectively, in the 5 wt pct iron in matte experiments. The obtained data for silver were scattered, due to volatilization, resulting in depletion of most silver and its escape from matte to gas phase during the 3-hour equilibration period. The matte-to-slag distribution coefficient for silver was estimated to be L ^m/s[Ag] = 100 to 400. We also measured the distributions of the base metals Cu and Ni in the same conditions as the trace elements.