Abstract
Kinetics of the reaction of lead slags (PbO-CaO-SiO2-FeO x -MgO) with CO-CO2 gas mixtures was studied by monitoring the changes in the slag composition when a stream of CO-CO2 gas mixture was blown on the surface of thin layers of slags (3 to 10 mm) at temperatures in the range of 1453 K to 1593 K (1180 °C to 1320 °C). These measurements were carried out under conditions where mass transfer in the gas phase was not the rate-limiting step and the reduction rates were insensitive to factors affecting mass transfer in the slag phase. The results show simultaneous reduction of PbO and Fe2O3 in the slag. The measured specific rate of oxygen removal from the melts varied from about 1 × 10−6 to 4 × 10−5 mol O cm−2 s−1 and was strongly dependent on the slag chemistry and its oxidation state, partial pressure of CO in the reaction gas mixture, and temperature. The deduced apparent first-order rate constant increased with increasing iron oxide content, oxidation state of the slag, and temperature. The results indicate that under the employed experimental conditions, the rate of formation of CO2 at the gas-slag interface is likely to be the rate-limiting step.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.R. Masson, B.R. Marple, and W.F. Caley: Can. Met. Q., 1981, vol. 20 (2), pp. 215–23.
U.B. Pal, T. Deb Roy, and G. Simkovich: Metall. Trans. B, 1983, vol. 14B, pp. 693–700.
U. B. Pal, T. DebRoy, and G. Simkovich: Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. C, 1984, vol. 93, pp.112–17.
K. Upadhya: Metall. Trans. B, 1986, vol. 17B, pp. 271–79.
S. Jahanshahi and R.L. Player: Non-Ferrous Smelting Symposium, AusIMM, Parkville, 1989, pp. 33–40.
S. Jahanshahi and S. Wright: 4th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags and Fluxes, ISIJ, Sendai, 1992, pp. 572–77.
S. Wright, S. Jahanshahi, and W.J. Errington: Pyrometallurgy for Complex Materials and Wastes, Melbourne, Australia, June 1994, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994, pp. 121–32.
N. N. Kinaev, E. Jak, and P.C. Hayes: Scand. J. Metall., 2005, vol. 34, pp. 150–57.
M. Sasabe, K. Goto, and M. Someno: Metall. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 811–17.
S. Taniguchi, A. Kikughi, and S. Maeda: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1976, vol. 62 (2), pp. 191–200.
H. Saito, A. Yoshizawa, and T. Soma: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1984, vol. 70 (1), pp. 58–64.
S. Jahanshahi and S. Wright: 4th Int. Conf. Molten Slags and Fluxes, ISIJ, Sendai, 1992, pp. 61–66.
L. Zhang, S. Jahanshahi, S. Sun, C. Chen, B. Bourke, S. Wright, and M.A. Somerville: JOM, 2002, vol. 54 (11), pp. 51–56.
E. Chen and K. Coley: Can. Met. Q., 2006, vol. 45 (2), pp. 167–74.
S. Sun and G.R. Belton: Metall. Trans. B, 1998, vol. 29B, pp. 296–98.
A.R. Cooper and W.D. Kingery: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1964, vol. 47, p. 37.
M.W. Johnson and I.B. Cutler: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1979, vol. 58 (7), pp. 720–21.
M Lee, S Sun, S. Wright, and S. Jahanshahi: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2001, vol. 32B, pp. 25–29.
M. Matsushima, S. Yadoomaru, K. Mori, and Y. Kawai: Trans. ISIJ, 1977, vol. 17 (8), pp. 442–49.
S.H. Amini, M.P. Brungs, S. Jahanshahi, and O. Ostrovski: Metall. Mater. Trans B, 2006, vol. 37B, pp. 773–80.
S. Amini, M. Brungs, S. Jahanshahi, and O. Ostrovski: ISIJ Int., 2006, vol. 46 (11), pp. 1554–59.
M. Sasabe and A. Asamura: 2nd Int. Symp. Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1984, p. 651.
Y. Sayad-Yaghoubi, S. Sun, and S. Jahanshahi: 5th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, TMS-ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 839–44.
Y Sayad-Yaghoubi, S. Sun, and S. Jahanshahi: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1995, vol. 26B, pp. 795–802.
A.M. Stratchan: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Stratchclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, 1974.
M. Sasabe and K.S. Goto: Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 2225–33.
K.C. Mills and B.J. Keene: Int. Mater. Rev., 1987, vol. 32 (1/2), pp. 1–120.
Y. Dimitriev, E. Kashchieva, and M. Koleva: J. Mater. Sci., 1981, vol. 16, pp. 3045–51.
P. Kozakevitch: Liquids: Structure, Properties, Solid Interactions, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965.
I. Dal, S. Jahanshahi, and W.J. Rankin: 5th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, TMS-ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, pp. 125–33.
Y. Sasaki, S. Hara, D. R. Gaskell, and G. R. Belton: Metall. Trans. B, 1984, vol. 15B, pp. 563–71.
S.K. El-Rahaiby, Y. Sasaki, D.R. Gaskell, and G.R. Belton: Metall. Trans. B, 1986, vol. 17B, pp. 307–16.
S. Sun, Y. Sasaki, and G. R. Belton: Metall. Trans. B, 1988, vol. 19B, pp. 959–65.
S. Ban-ya, Y. Iguchi, and T. Nagasaka: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1983, vol. 69, p. S761.
S. Ban-ya, Y. Iguchi, and T. Nagasaka: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1984, vol. 70 (14), pp. 1689–96.
T. Nagasaka, Y. Iguchi, and S. Ban-ya: Process Technol. Proc., ISS, Warrendale, 1986, vol. 6, pp. 669–78.
T. Nagasaka, Y. Iguchi, and S. Ban-ya: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1989, vol. 75 (1), pp. 74–81.
T. Nagasaka, M. Hino, and S. Ban-Ya: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2000, vol. 31B, pp. 495–55.
M. Barati and K.S. Coley: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2005, vol. 36B, pp.169-178.
X. Hu, H. Matsuura, and F. Tsukihashi: Metall. Mater. Trans B, 2006, vol. 37B, pp. 395–401.
E.T. Turkdogan: Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Technology, Academic Press, New York, NY, 1980.
J.L. Speelman, W.F. Caley, and K.G. Leewis: Metall. Trans. B, 1989, vol. 20B, pp. 31–37.
M. Sasabe and Y. Kinoshita: Trans. ISIJ, 1980, vol. 20, p. 801.
M. Sasabe and M. Jibiki: Can. Metall. Q., 1983, vol. 22, pp. 29–36.
A. Taskinen, L. Toivonen, and T.T Talonen: 2nd Int. Symp. on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1984, pp. 741–56.
A.M. Strachan and P. Grieveson: Int. Symp. on Metal-Slag-Gas Reactions and Processes, The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, NJ, 1975, pp. 38–49.
M. Barati and K. Coley: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2006, vol. 37B, pp. 61–69.
T. Zhang, X. Hu, Q. Shu, and K. Chou: Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2012, vol. 19, pp. 685–88.
Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to the late Dr. Geoff Belton and Dr. Shouyi Sun for valuable discussions, Mr. Rowan Davidson for technical support, and the Analytical Services team at CSIRO Mineral Resources for the chemical analysis of a multitude of samples.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted November 22, 2016.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jahanshahi, S., Wright, S. Kinetics of Reduction of CaO-FeO x -MgO-PbO-SiO2 Slags by CO-CO2 Gas Mixtures. Metall Mater Trans B 48, 2057–2066 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-0987-8
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-0987-8