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Recent Progress in Hydrometallurgical Processing of Nickel Lateritic Ore

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Abstract

With the growth of the stainless-steel industry, the focus has moved toward making specialized steels, where Ni has proved itself as a significant ingredient. With time, Ni demand has inclined toward the energy storage sector. Observing the drastic application in several areas, Ni demand has grown multi-fold in recent years. Ni requirement was conventionally being fulfilled by the high-grade sulfidic ores, which have been facing scarcity issues for quite a long time. These issues may get suitably addressed with the introduction of lateritic ores. Lateritic ore contributes to 70% of total nickel resources. However, due to its low grades, and comparatively higher impurity constituents, it requires specific preprocessing steps prior to utilization. The present article reviews the insight into the available hydrometallurgical approaches for treating laterite ores and the separation of nickel and cobalt from hydrometallurgy routes. Caron process, a combination of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, is also well described in the review. Mineralogy aspects and the spatial distribution of laterites ore play an essential role in selecting the best-suited hydrometallurgical route, which is also discussed. The work has introduced a novel attempt where the ore genesis, corresponding hydrometallurgical processing, and the relatable post-leaching treatment are collated for better understanding.

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Abbreviations

MHP:

Mixed hydroxide of nickel and cobalt

MSP:

Mixed sulfide precipitate of nickel and cobalt

HPAL:

High pressure acid leaching

AL:

Atmospheric acid leaching

HL:

Heap leaching

DNi:

Direct nickel

NAPL:

Nitric acid pressure leaching

SS:

Stainless steel

PAL:

Phosphoric acid leaching

INSG:

International nickel study group

HEVs:

Hybrid electric vehicles

Wt.:

Weight

HAL:

Hydrochloric acid leaching

NAL:

Nitric acid leaching

STAC:

Stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

BNC:

Basic nickel carbonate

Mt:

Million tonnes

MT:

Metric ton

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the management of Tata Steel Ltd., Jamshedpur, for the support and permission to publish this review.

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  1. Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd., Jamshedpur, 831007, India

    Neha Pandey, Sunil Kumar Tripathy, Sovan Kumar Patra & Gaurav Jha

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  1. Neha Pandey
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Pandey, N., Tripathy, S.K., Patra, S.K. et al. Recent Progress in Hydrometallurgical Processing of Nickel Lateritic Ore. Trans Indian Inst Met 76, 11–30 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02706-2

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