Abstract
In the plant breeding cycle, the length of time from seed to seed is often a limiting factor in producing pure lines or recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The objective of this research was to accelerate the production of field pea RILs while maintaining the population size, through application of a technique referred to as ‘rapid generation technology’ (RGT). The effect of plant hormones and growth conditions were evaluated for two pea cultivars then the optimum combination was applied in the development of RILs from a cross between cultivars CDC Dakota and CDC Amarillo over seven generations. In an average of 33.4 d, 100% of plants flowered when the following conditions were applied in the final in vivo protocol: 0.6 μM flurprimidol, 266 plants per square meter, 20 h photoperiod, 21°C/16°C light/dark, hydroponic system with vermiculite substrate, scheduled fertilizer application, and 500 μM m−2 s−1 light intensity using T5 fluorescent bulbs. Seed setting occurred in 97.8% of plants per generation within 68.4 d. This approach was 30–45 d per generation faster than conventional single seed descent (SSD) methods. Therefore, RGT could increase plant generations per year using much less growth space compared to SSD, and in this way rapidly address new pulse breeding objectives using a fast (5.3 generations per year), reliable (97.9% survival rate), easy, and inexpensive (in vivo instead of in vitro) protocol.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Argo WR (1998) Root medium physical properties. HortTechnology 8:481–485
Fratini R, Ruiz M (2006) Interspecific hybridization in the genus Lens applying in vitro embryo rescue. Euphytica 150:271–280
Fratini R, Ruiz ML (2011) Wide crossing in lentil through embryo rescue. In: Thorpe TA, Young EC (eds) Plant embryo culture: methods and protocols. Humana Press, New York, pp 131–139
Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50:151–158
Ikeura H, Tokuda T, Hayata Y (2012) Required amounts of medium and fertilizer for potted culture of zucchini. Agric Sci 3:816–821
Kasten W, Kuntert R (1991) A culture method for isolated immature embryos of different Lupinus species. Biol Zentralbl 110:290–300
Kipp J, Wever G, de Krej C (2000) International substrate manual: analysis characteristics recommendations. Elsevier Doetinchem, The Netherlands
Kozai T (2010) Photoautotrophic micropropagation—environmental control for promoting photosynthesis. Propag Ornam Plants 10:188–204
Kozai T, Afreen F, Zobayed SMA (2005) Photoautotrophic (sugar-free medium) micropropagation as a new micropropagation and transplant production system. Springer
Kubota C, Chun C (2000) Transplant production in the 21st century. Springer Science and Business Media
Li B, Shibuya T, Yogo Y, Hara T, Matsuo K (2001) Effects of light quantity and quality on growth and reproduction of a clonal sedge, Cyperus esculentus. Plant Species Biol 16:69–81
Lulsdorf M, Mobini SH, Croser J, Warkentin TD, Vandenberg A (2012) Fast, reliable, and cheap: can rapid generation technology deliver it all? 9th Canadian Pulse Research Workshop, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
Mendel G (1866) Versuche über pflanzenhybriden. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn 4: 3 44
Mobini SH, Lulsdorf M, Warkentin TD, Vandenberg A (2015) Plant growth regulators improve in vitro flowering and rapid generation advancement in lentil and faba bean. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 51:71–79
Mobini SH, Lulsdorf M, Warkentin TD, Vandenberg A (2016) Low red: far-red light ratio causes faster in vitro flowering in lentil. Can J Plant Sci (under press)
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Ochatt S, Sangwan RS, Marget P, Ndong YA, Rancillac M, Perney P, Röbbelen G (2002) New approaches towards the shortening of generation cycles for faster breeding of protein legumes. Plant Breed 121(5):436–440
Promchot S, Boonprakob U (2007) Replacing agar with vermiculite, coconut fiber and charcoal ricehusk in culture media for embryo rescue of immature nectarines seeds. Thai J Agric Sci 40(3–4):167–173
Ribalta FM, Croser JS, Erskine W, Finnegan PM, Lulsdorf M, Ochatt SJ (2014) Antigibberellin-induced reduction of internode length favors in vitro flowering and seed-set in different pea genotypes. Biol Plant 58(1):39–46
Saha S, Tullu A, Yuan H, Lulsdorf M, Vandenberg A (2015) Improvement of embryo rescue technique using 4-chloroindole-3 acetic acid in combination with in vivo grafting to overcome barriers in lentil interspecific crosses. Plant Cell Tiss Org 120(1):109–116
SAS Institute Inc. (2015) SAS software, version 9.1.3. [Online] Available: http://www.sas.com/. Cited 21 April 2016
Warkentin TD, Vandenberg A, Banniza S, Slinkard A (2004) CDC Striker field pea. Can J Plant Sci 84:239–240
Warkentin TD, Vandenberg A, Banniza S, Slinkard A (2005) CDC Bronco field pea. Can J Plant Sci 85:649–650
Warkentin TD, Vandenberg A, Tar’an B, Banniza S, Arganosa G, Barlow B, Ife S, Horner J, de Silva D, Thompson M et al (2014) CDC Amarillo yellow field pea. Can J Plant Sci 94:1539–1541
Xiao Y, Kozai T (2004) Commercial application of a photoautotrophic micropropagation system using large vessels with forced ventilation: plantlet growth and production cost. Hortic Sci 39:1387–1391
Acknowledgments
The financial support of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers is gratefully appreciated. Support from Adam Harrison, the technical expertise of Shermy B. Mudiyanselage, and critical review of the manuscript by Monika Lulsdorf are sincerely acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Editor: Ewen Mullins
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Figure 1
(DOCX 2512 kb)
Supplementary Figure 2
(DOCX 228 kb)
Supplementary Table 1
(DOCX 33 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mobini, S.H., Warkentin, T.D. A simple and efficient method of in vivo rapid generation technology in pea (Pisum sativum L.). In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 52, 530–536 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-016-9772-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-016-9772-7