Abstract
Introduction
Nodal status is a strong prognostic factor after resection of pancreatic cancer. The lymph node ratio (LNR) has been shown to be superior to the pN status in several studies. The role of log odds of the ratio between positive and negative nodes (LODDS) as a suggested new indicator of prognosis, however, has been hardly evaluated in pancreatic cancer.
Methods
Prognostic factors for overall survival after resection for cancer of the pancreatic head were evaluated in 409 patients from two institutions (prospectively maintained databases). The lymph node status, LNR, and LODDS were separately analyzed and independently compared in multivariate survival analysis.
Results
The median numbers of examined and positive lymph nodes were 16 and 2, respectively. Actuarial 3- and 5-year survival rates were 29 and 16 %. All three classifications of nodal disease significantly predicted survival in the entire group (n = 409), in patients with free resection margins (n = 297), and in patients with <12 examined nodes. In multivariate analysis, however, both LNR and LODDS were equally superior to the nodal status. In node-negative patients (n = 110), LODDS could not identify subgroups with different prognosis.
Conclusion
Both LNR and LODDS are superior to the classical nodal status in predicting prognosis in resected pancreatic cancer. However, LODDS has not shown any advantage over LNR in our series, neither in the entire patient group nor in the subgroups with free margins, negative nodes or a low number of examined nodes. Therefore, the use of LODDS to predict the outcome after resection of pancreatic head cancer cannot be recommended.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
La TM, Cavallini M, Ramacciato G, Cosenza G, Rossi Del MS, Nigri G, Ferri M, Mercantini P, Ziparo V. Role of the lymph node ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Impact on patient stratification and prognosis. J Surg Oncol 2011;104:629-633.
Riediger H, Keck T, Wellner U, zur HA, Adam U, Hopt UT, Makowiec F. The lymph node ratio is the strongest prognostic factor after resection of pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:1337-1344.
Aurello P, Petrucciani N, Nigri GR, La TM, Magistri P, Tierno S, D’Angelo F, Ramacciato G. Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS): what are their role in the prognostic assessment of gastric adenocarcinoma? J Gastrointest Surg 2014;18:1254-1260.
Persiani R, Cananzi FC, Biondi A, Paliani G, Tufo A, Ferrara F, Vigorita V, D’Ugo D. Log odds of positive lymph nodes in colon cancer: a meaningful ratio-based lymph node classification system. World J Surg 2012;36:667-674.
Vinh-Hung V, Verschraegen C, Promish DI, Cserni G, Van de Steene J, Tai P, Vlastos G, Voordeckers M, Storme G, Royce M. Ratios of involved nodes in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2004;6:R680-R688.
La TM, Nigri G, Petrucciani N, Cavallini M, Aurello P, Cosenza G, Balducci G, Ziparo V, Ramacciato G. Prognostic assessment of different lymph node staging methods for pancreatic cancer with R0 resection: pN staging, lymph node ratio, log odds of positive lymph nodes. Pancreatology 2014;14:289-294.
Riediger H, Adam U, Utzolino S, Neeff HP, Hopt UT, Makowiec F. Perioperative outcome after pancreatic head resection: a 10-year series of a specialized surgeon in a university hospital and a community hospital. J Gastrointest Surg 2014;18:1434-1440.
Adam U, Makowiec F, Riediger H, Benz S, Liebe S, Hopt UT. [Pancreatic leakage after pancreas resection. An analysis of 345 operated patients]. Chirurg 2002;73:466-473.
Boeck S, Ankerst DP, Heinemann V. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resected pancreatic cancer: systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis. Oncology 2007;72:314-321.
Oettle H, Post S, Neuhaus P, Gellert K, Langrehr J, Ridwelski K, Schramm H, Fahlke J, Zuelke C, Burkart C, Gutberlet K, Kettner E, Schmalenberg H, Weigang-Koehler K, Bechstein WO, Niedergethmann M, Schmidt-Wolf I, Roll L, Doerken B, Riess H. Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine vs observation in patients undergoing curative-intent resection of pancreatic cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;297:267-277.
Winter JM, Cameron JL, Campbell KA, Arnold MA, Chang DC, Coleman J, Hodgin MB, Sauter PK, Hruban RH, Riall TS, Schulick RD, Choti MA, Lillemoe KD, Yeo CJ. 1423 pancreaticoduodenectomies for pancreatic cancer: A single-institution experience. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:1199-1210.
Yamamoto T, Yagi S, Kinoshita H, Sakamoto Y, Okada K, Uryuhara K, Morimoto T, Kaihara S, Hosotani R. Long-term survival after resection of pancreatic cancer: a single-center retrospective analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:262-268.
Strobel O, Hinz U, Gluth A, Hank T, Hackert T, Bergmann F, Werner J, Buchler MW. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: number of positive nodes allows to distinguish several N categories. Ann Surg 2015;261:961-969.
Arslan NC, Sokmen S, Canda AE, Terzi C, Sarioglu S. The prognostic impact of the log odds of positive lymph nodes in colon cancer. Colorectal Dis 2014;16:O386-O392.
Sun Z, Xu Y, Li dM, Wang ZN, Zhu GL, Huang BJ, Li K, Xu HM. Log odds of positive lymph nodes: a novel prognostic indicator superior to the number-based and the ratio-based N category for gastric cancer patients with R0 resection. Cancer 2010;116:2571-2580.
Calero A, Escrig-Sos J, Mingol F, Arroyo A, Martinez-Ramos D, de JM, Salvador-Sanchis JL, Garcia-Granero E, Calpena R, Lacueva FJ. Usefulness of the log odds of positive lymph nodes to predict and discriminate prognosis in gastric carcinomas. J Gastrointest Surg 2015;19:813-820.
Wang J, Hassett JM, Dayton MT, Kulaylat MN. The prognostic superiority of log odds of positive lymph nodes in stage III colon cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:1790-1796.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Riediger, H., Kulemann, B., Wittel, U. et al. Prognostic Role of Log Odds of Lymph Nodes After Resection of Pancreatic Head Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 20, 1707–1715 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-016-3200-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-016-3200-5