Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Highly Sensitive SPR Biosensor for Malaria Detection Employing ZnO, Fe2O3, and Black Phosphorous

  • RESEARCH
  • Published:
Plasmonics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor employing BK7 prism, Silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), ferromagnetic material (Fe2O3), and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial black phosphorous (BP) has been proposed. Thin layers of two different oxide layers sandwiched between Ag and BP in Kretschmann configuration. The angular interrogation method–based numerical simulation is applied for modelling of high performance SPR biosensor at a wavelength of 633 nm (visible region). Transfer matrix method and finite element methods have been used to obtain [performance parameters. This sensor can detect malaria at different stages and provides a large range of refractive index (RI) sensing from 1.369 to 1.409. The RI for malaria stages, including the ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages, are 1.396, 1.381, and 1.371 respectively, with corresponding angular sensitivities of 367 deg/RIU, 297 deg/RIU, and 269 deg/RIU. The sensor offers an ultrahigh angular sensitivity for malaria detection in ring stage. This research could pave the way for an important bio sample detection apparatus that allows for quick and precise in ring stage diagnosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The dataset generated during analysis is available in the present article.

References

  1. Roh S, Chung T, Lee B (2011) Overview of the characteristics of micro- and nano-structured surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sensors 11:1565–1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/S110201565

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Wei Wei WW, Jinpeng Nong JN, Linlong Tang LT et al (2018) Reflection-type infrared biosensor based on surface plasmonics in graphene ribbon arrays. Chinese Optics Letters 13(8):082801. https://doi.org/10.3390/S110201565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Srivastava SK, Gupta BD (2011) Influence of ions on the surface plasmon resonance spectrum of a fiber optic refractive index sensor. Sens Actuators B Chem 156:559–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SNB.2011.01.068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Homola J, Yee SS, Gauglitz G (1999) Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review. Sens Actuators B Chem 54:3–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00321-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Shakya AK, Singh S (2024) Performance analysis of a developed optical sensing setup based on the Beer-Lambert Law. Plasmonics 19:447–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01979-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Shakya AK, Singh S (2023) Development of a generalized Fourier transform model for distinct household oil samples by performing spectroscopy analysis. Results in Optics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2023.100355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Butt MA, Kazanskiy NL, Khonina SN (2023) miniaturized design of a 1 × 2 plasmonic demultiplexer based on metal–insulator-metal waveguide for telecommunication wavelengths. Plasmonics 18:635–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01795-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rahad R, Haque MA, Faruque MO et al (2024) A novel plasmonic MIM sensor using integrated 1×2 demultiplexer for individual lab-on-chip detection of human blood group and diabetes level in the visible to near-infrared region. IEEE Sens J. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3372692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Shakya AK, Ramola A, Singh S, Van V (2022) Design of an ultra-sensitive bimetallic anisotropic PCF SPR biosensor for liquid analytes sensing. Opt Express 30:9233. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.432263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Shakya AK, Singh S (2023) Novel Merger of spectroscopy and refractive index sensing for modelling hyper sensitive hexa-slotted plasmonic sensor for transformer oil monitoring in near-infrared region. Opt Quantum Electron. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05016-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Shakya AK, Singh S (2023) State of the art alliance of refractive index sensing and spectroscopy techniques for household oils analysis. Plasmonics 18:2347–2364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01940-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hoa XD, Kirk AG, Tabrizian M (2007) Towards integrated and sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: a review of recent progress. Biosens Bioelectron 23:151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOS.2007.07.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Wood RW (1902) XLII. On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a diffraction grating spectrum. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 4:396–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440209462857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Uniyal A, Pal A, Chauhan B (2023) Long-range SPR sensor employing platinum diselenide and cytop nanolayers giving improved performance. Physica B Condens Matter 649:414487. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYSB.2022.414487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kashyap R, Chakraborty S, Zeng S et al (2019) Enhanced biosensing activity of bimetallic surface plasmon resonance sensor. Photonics 6:108. https://doi.org/10.3390/PHOTONICS6040108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mishra AC, Sharma AK, Lohia P, Dwivedi DK (2023) Modelling and analysis of high-performing reconfigurable SPR refractive index sensor employing beryllium oxide, nickel, and BlueP/WS2 nanomaterials. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02005-6

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. El barghouti M, Akjouj A, Mir A (2022) Modeling of surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on Ag/BiFeO3/Ni using 2D nanomaterial perovskite MAPbBr 3. Mater Today Commun 33:104591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Almawgani AHM, Sarkar P, Pal A et al (2023) Titanium disilicide, black phosphorus–based surface plasmon resonance sensor for dengue detection. Plasmonics 18:1223–1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11468-023-01856-3/FIGURES/11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Shivangani AMF, Al-Hadeethi Y et al (2022) Numerical study to enhance the sensitivity of a surface plasmon resonance sensor with BlueP, WS2-covered Al2O3-nickel nanofilms. Nanomaterials 12:2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/NANO12132205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Srivastava S, Singh S, Mishra AC et al (2023) Numerical study of titanium dioxide and MXene nanomaterial-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for virus SARS-CoV-2 detection. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01874-1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Karki B, Uniyal A, Srivastava G, Pal A (2023) Black phosphorous and Cytop nanofilm-based long-range SPR sensor with enhanced quality factor. J Sens. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2102915

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Singh S, Mishra AC, Singh S et al (2023) Theoretical study of perovskite nano material based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for cancers cell detection. Optik (Stuttg). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2023.171259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. SPR spectra for the optimized a Au–Fe2O3–Au and b Fe2O3–Au–Fe2O3... | Download Scientific Diagram. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/SPR-spectra-for-the-optimized-a-Au-Fe2O3-Au-and-b-Fe2O3-Au-Fe2O3-configurations-for_fig4_339415410. Accessed 24 Nov 2023

  24. Srivastava A, Verma A, Das R, Prajapati YK (2020) A theoretical approach to improve the performance of SPR biosensor using MXene and black phosphorus. Optik (Stuttg) 203:163430. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLEO.2019.163430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Srivastava T, Jha R, Das R (2011) High-performance bimetallic SPR sensor based on periodic-multilayer- waveguides. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 23:1448–1450. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2011.2162828

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Singh Y, Dwivedi DK, Lohia P et al (2024) Highly sensitive plasmonic biosensor for the detection of chikungunya virus employing TiO2 and BP/WS2 heterostructure. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02242-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kumar S, Yadav A, Malomed BA (2023) High performance surface plasmon resonance based sensor using black phosphorus and magnesium oxide adhesion layer. Front Mater 10:1131412. https://doi.org/10.3389/FMATS.2023.1131412/BIBTEX

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chemerkouh MJHN, Saadatmand SB, Hamidi SM (2022) Ultra-high-sensitive biosensor based on SrTiO3 and two-dimensional materials: ellipsometric concepts. Opt Mater Express 12:2609–2622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jaiswal L, Dwivedi DK, Lohia P et al (2024) Numerical study of 2D nanomaterial-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02225-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rizal C, Pisana S, Hrvoic I (2018) Improved magneto-optic surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Photonics 5:15. https://doi.org/10.3390/PHOTONICS5030015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Prajapati YK, Pal S, Saini JP (2018) Effect of a metamaterial and silicon layers on performance of surface plasmon resonance biosensor in infrared range. SILICON 10:1451–1460. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12633-017-9625-Y/METRICS

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Salahuddin M, Jothilingam S, Alam MK, et al (2022) Theoretical model for glucose detection in urine samples using heterogeneous layered surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-1490362/V1

  33. Karki B, Uniyal A, Chauhan B, Pal A (2022) Sensitivity enhancement of a graphene, zinc sulfide-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor with an Ag metal configuration in the visible region. J Comput Electron 21:445–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10825-022-01854-4/TABLES/3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhao Y, Wen G (2020) Synthesis and magnetic properties of ε-Fe2O3 by ball milling and post annealing. J Magn Magn Mater 512:167039. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMMM.2020.167039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Khan I, Morishita S, Higashinaka R et al (2021) Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method. J Magn Magn Mater 538:168264. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMMM.2021.168264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Zysler RD, Fiorani D, Testa AM (2001) Investigation of magnetic properties of interacting Fe2O3 nanoparticles. J Magn Magn Mater 224:5–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(00)01328-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Alqasem B, Yahya N, Qureshi S et al (2017) The enhancement of the magnetic properties of α-Fe2O3 nanocatalyst using an external magnetic field for the production of green ammonia. Mater Sci Eng, B 217:49–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MSEB.2016.12.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Nangare S, Patil P (2023) Black phosphorus nanostructure based highly sensitive and selective surface plasmon resonance sensor for biological and chemical sensing: a review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 53:1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2021.1927669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Tangpukdee N, Duangdee C, Wilairatana P, Krudsood S (2009) Malaria diagnosis: a brief review. Korean J Parasitol 47:93–102. https://doi.org/10.3347/KJP.2009.47.2.93

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Panda A, Pukhrambam PD (2022) Modeling of high-performance SPR refractive index sensor employing novel 2D materials for detection of malaria pathogens. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 21:312–319. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2021.3115906

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Agnero MA, Konan K, Tokou ZGCS et al (2019) Malaria-infected red blood cell analysis through optical and biochemical parameters using the transport of intensity equation and the microscope’s optical properties. Sensors 19:3045. https://doi.org/10.3390/S19143045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Abbas N, Shad MR, Hussain M et al (2019) Fabrication and characterization of silver thin films using physical vapor deposition, and the investigation of annealing effects on their structures. Mater Res Express. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/AB4C4F

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Sun L, Yuan G, Gao L et al (2021) Chemical vapour deposition. Nature Reviews Methods Primers 1:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-020-00005-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Vallejos S, Maggio F, Shujah Di T, Blackman C (2016) Chemical vapour deposition of gas sensitive metal oxides. Chemosensors 4:4. https://doi.org/10.3390/CHEMOSENSORS4010004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Hardee KL, Bard AJ (1976) Semiconductor electrodes: V. The application of chemically vapor deposited iron oxide films to photosensitized electrolysis. J Electrochem Soc 123:1024–1026. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2132984/XML

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kayani ZN, Arshad S, Riaz S, Naseem S (2014) Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by sol-gel technique and their characterization. IEEE Trans Magn. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2014.2313763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Kim Y, Woo WJ, Kim D et al (2021) Atomic-layer-deposition-based 2D transition metal chalcogenides: synthesis, modulation, and applications. Adv Mater 33:2005907. https://doi.org/10.1002/ADMA.202005907

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Ashrafi TMS, Mohanty G (2022) Sensitivity calculation for different prism material based surface plasmon resonance sensor: a comparative study. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Institute of Physics

  49. Singh S, Singh S, Singh PK et al (2023) Theoretical study of malaria detection in blood samples using bimetal layer and zinc telluride nanomaterial-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Plasmonics 18:2125–2136. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11468-023-01913-X/FIGURES/8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Singh S, Sharma AK, Lohia P, Dwivedi DK (2021) Theoretical analysis of sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance biosensor with zinc oxide and blue phosphorus/MoS2 heterostructure. Optik (Stuttg). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Kumar S, Yadav A, Malomed BA (2023) High performance surface plasmon resonance based sensor using black phosphorus and magnesium oxide adhesion layer. Front Mater. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2023.1131412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Yadav A, Kumar A, Sharan P (2022) Sensitivity enhancement of a plasmonic biosensor for urine glucose detection by employing black phosphorous. Journal of the Optical Society of America B 39:200. https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.444838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Singh S, Sharma AK, Lohia P et al (2023) Simulation study of reconfigurable surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor employing bismuth telluride and MXene nanomaterial for cancer cell detection. Phys Scr. https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/acb023

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

One of the authors (Nikhil Pratap Singh) expresses his gratitude to Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology for providing research opportunity and support to carry out this research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, India

    Nikhil Pratap Singh & Pooja Lohia

  2. Photonics and Photovoltaic Research Lab, Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, India

    Adarsh Chandra Mishra, Sapana Yadav & D. K. Dwivedi

  3. Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh

    M. Khalid Hossain

Authors
  1. Nikhil Pratap Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Adarsh Chandra Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sapana Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pooja Lohia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. D. K. Dwivedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Khalid Hossain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

N.P.S.: original manuscript writing, methodology. A.C.M. and S.Y.: reviewing and conceptualization. M.K.H., P.L., and D.K.D.: reviewing, editing, and supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. K. Dwivedi.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

This is a theoretical study that does not requires ethical approval.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, N.P., Mishra, A.C., Yadav, S. et al. Highly Sensitive SPR Biosensor for Malaria Detection Employing ZnO, Fe2O3, and Black Phosphorous. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02307-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02307-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation