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The effect of oxidation on physicochemical properties and aqueous stabilization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: comparison of multiple analysis methods

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Abstract

Surface oxidation can alter physicochemical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and influence their aqueous stabilization. Many techniques have been used to characterize the physicochemical properties and aqueous stabilization of MWCNTs. However, the relationship between the change in physicochemical property and the aqueous stabilization of MWCNTs merits more studies, and the multiple characterization techniques have not been well compared. This study systematically and comparatively investigated the effect of oxidation on the physicochemical properties and aqueous stabilization of MWCNTs using multiple analysis methods. Increased surface area, disclosed tube ends, defects on the sidewalls, disruption of the electronic structure, and removal of metal catalysts and amorphous carbon were observed for the oxidized MWCNTs (o-MWCNTs) using the multipoint Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, transmission electron microscope observation, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. An oxidation-time-dependent increase in oxygen content of the MWCNTs was verified by the methods of elemental analysis, mass difference calculation, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XPS, and the Boehm titration were employed to study the functionalities on the MWCNT surfaces. Despite the limitations of these techniques, the results indicated that the dramatic increase in carboxyl groups was mainly responsible for the significant increase in oxygen content after the oxidation. The dissociation of the grafted functional groups increased electronegativity of the o-MWCNTs and facilitated the aqueous stabilization of o-MWCNTs through electrostatic repulsions. The oxidation affected the UV-Vis absorbance of MWCNT suspensions. The absorbances at 800 nm of the stabilized MWCNT suspensions had a good correlation with the MWCNT concentrations and could be used to quantify the MWCNT suspensions. The findings of this work are expected to boost the research on carbon nanotubes and their environmental behaviors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Luqing Zhang, Minhao Wang, Kun Yang & Daohui Lin

  2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Minhao Wang & Jing Fang

  3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Kun Yang & Daohui Lin

Authors
  1. Luqing Zhang
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  2. Minhao Wang
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  3. Jing Fang
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  4. Kun Yang
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  5. Daohui Lin
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Correspondence to Daohui Lin.

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Zhang, L., Wang, M., Fang, J. et al. The effect of oxidation on physicochemical properties and aqueous stabilization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: comparison of multiple analysis methods. Sci. China Chem. 59, 1498–1507 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-016-0153-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-016-0153-y

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