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Exploring the potential of eco-friendly carbon dots in monitoring and remediation of environmental pollutants

  • Advanced Nanomaterials for Biological Applications
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant interest owing to their distinctive optical and electronic properties. In contrast to semiconductor quantum dots, which incorporated toxic elements in their composition, CDs have emerged as a promising alternative, rendering them suitable for both environmental and biological applications. CDs exhibit astonishing features, including photoluminescence, charge transfer, quantum confinement effect, and biocompatibility. Recently, CDs derived from green sources have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong photostability, reduced toxicity, better biocompatibility, enhanced fluorescence, and simplicity. These attributes have shown great promise in the areas of LED technology, bioimaging, photocatalysis, drug delivery, biosensing, and antibacterial activity. In contrast, this review offers a comprehensive overview of various green sources utilized to produce CDs and methodologies, along with their merits and demerits, with a notable emphasis on physiochemical properties. Additionally, the paper provides insight into the bibliometric analysis and recent advancements of CDs in sensing, photocatalysis, and antibacterial activity. In this field, extensive research is underway, and a total of 7,438 articles have been identified. Among these, 4242 articles are dedicated to sensing applications, while 1518 and 1678 focus on adsorption and degradation. Carbon dots demonstrate exceptional sensing capabilities within the nanomolar range with a selectivity of up to 95% for pollutants. They exhibit excellent degradation efficiency exceeding 90% within 10–130 min and possess an adsorption capacity from 100 to 800 mg/g. These fascinating qualities render them suitable for diverse applications.

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Abbreviations

CDs:

Carbon dots

PL:

Photoluminescence

LOD:

Limit of detection

FRET:

Forster resonance energy

SQE:

Static quenching effect

DQE:

Dynamic quenching effect

IFE:

Inner filter effect

VOCs:

Volatile organic compounds

MDR:

Multidrug resistant

PPCPs:

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

CAP:

Chloramphenicol

CBZ:

Carbamazepine

PAH:

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons

NAC:

Nitroaromatic compounds

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Megha Mankoti, Sumer Singh Meena & Anee Mohanty

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  1. Megha Mankoti
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  2. Sumer Singh Meena
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  3. Anee Mohanty
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Conceptualization: MM, SSM, and AM; methodology: MM and AM; formal analysis: MM and AM; resources: SSM and AM; original draft preparation: MM; review and editing: SSM and AM; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anee Mohanty.

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Mankoti, M., Meena, S.S. & Mohanty, A. Exploring the potential of eco-friendly carbon dots in monitoring and remediation of environmental pollutants. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33448-x

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