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Biological endpoints, enzyme activities, and blood cell parameters in two anuran tadpole species in rice agroecosystems of mid-eastern Argentina

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Abstract

Different biological variables of tadpoles, including survival, development and growth rates, and biomarkers [cholinesterases, glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and blood cell morphology] were evaluated in two anuran species, Scinax squalirostris (Hylidae) and Leptodactylus mystacinus (Leptodactylidae), using in situ experimental chambers in a rice field (RF) sprayed with insecticide Lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) by aircraft in Santa Fe Province, Argentina. We found a significant decrease in body weight (0.62 ± 0.04 g) of L. mystacinus and an increased development rate of S. squalirostris in individuals from RF (41 ± 1; Gosner) with respect to individuals from the reference site (RS: 0.93 ± 0.04 g and 37 ± 0; respectively). In S. squalirostris, individuals from RF mean values of butyrylcholinesterase activities decreased at 48 (4.09 ± 0.32 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP) and 96 h (3.74 ± 0.20 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP), whereas inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was observed at 96 h (47.44 ± 2.78 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP). In L. mystacinus from RF, an induction of acetylcholinesterase activity was observed at 96 h (36.01 ± 1.09 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP). Glutathione-S-transferase levels varied between species, being higher in L. mystacinus individuals but lower in S. squalirostris from RF at 48 (272.29 ±11.78 and 71.87 ± 1.70 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP; respectively) and 96 h (279.25 ± 13.06 and 57.62 ± 4.58 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP, respectively). Blood cell parameters revealed a lower number of mitotic cells (MC: 0.36 ± 0.31%o for S. squalirostris and 0.08 ± 0.05 %o for L. mystacinus) and higher number of eosinophils (E: 3.45 ± 1.75 %o for S. squalirostris and 7.64 ± 0.98 %o for L. mystacinus) in individuals from the RF than in individuals from the RS (MC: 2.55 ± 0.74 %o for S. squalirostris and 1.87 ± 0.72%o for L. mystacinus; and E: 0.13 ± 0.09 for S. squalirostris and 3.20 ± 0.80 for L. mystacinus). Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of apparent differences in sensitivity between species in a series of sublethal responses to short-term exposure in RF after the application of Lambda-cyhalothrin. We suggest that the integral use of biological endpoints (development and growth) together with biomarkers (cholinesterase, GST, and blood cell parameters) may be a promising integral procedure for investigating pesticide exposure in wild frog populations.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the owner of the field for allowing us to conduct the study. We thank the members of the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, UNL for their statistical suggestions. This study was supported in part by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANCyT) and Curso de Acción para la Investigación y Desarrollo (CAI + D-UNL).

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  1. Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral (ESS-FBCB-UNL), Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Andrés Maximiliano Attademo, Paola Mariela Peltzer, Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich, Mariana Cristina Cabagna-Zenklusen, Celina María Junges & Agustín Basso

  2. Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences (ESS-FBCB-UNL), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Andrés Maximiliano Attademo, Paola Mariela Peltzer, Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich & Celina María Junges

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Attademo, A.M., Peltzer, P.M., Lajmanovich, R.C. et al. Biological endpoints, enzyme activities, and blood cell parameters in two anuran tadpole species in rice agroecosystems of mid-eastern Argentina. Environ Monit Assess 186, 635–649 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3404-z

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