Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exposure in human beings through inhalation may affect pulmonary organs and extrapulmonary organs including liver, kidney, brain, spleen, etc. The toxic effects developed as the result of CNTs exposure made us to explore the beneficial effect of nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog (NBDMCA) towards multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-induced toxicity in extrapulmonary organs. The current study described the ameliorative effect of NBDMCA against the toxic effects developed by inhaled MWCNTs in the extrapulmonary organs. The rats are exposed to the fixed aerosol concentration of 5 mg/m3 maintained in inhalation exposure chambers MWCNTs for 15 days as per OECD guidelines. After the exposure with MWCNTs, the animals were treated with NBDMCA (5 mg/kg body weight) with different dose frequencies, i.e., 2 doses per week for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. After treatment duration, the blood was drawn from retro-orbital vein and subjected to biochemical and cytokine analysis. Further the animals were euthanized, and the sample tissues were collected and performed oxidative stress and histopathology. The study results revealed that the intravenous administration of NBDMCA suppresses the extrapulmonary toxicity induced by MWCNTs, i.e., annulling the clinical changes and oxidative stress in various extrapulmonary organs at low doses of NBDMCA, evidenced its antioxidant efficacy. Moreover, use of increased doses provides better reduction in toxic symptoms with negligible side effects confirming the dose-dependent efficacy of NBDMCA. Overall, we suggested that NBDMCA may materialize into an effective compound for the reduction of MWCNTs-induced toxicity.
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Abbreviations
- CNTs :
-
carbon nanotubes
- NBDMCA :
-
nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog
- MWCNTs :
-
multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- TNF-α :
-
tumor necrosis factor alpha
- IL-4 :
-
interleukin 4
- MMAD :
-
mass median aerodynamic diameter
- GSD :
-
geometric standard deviation
- HCT :
-
hematocrit
- MCV :
-
mean corpuscular volume
- MCH :
-
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- MCHC :
-
MCH concentration
- LPO :
-
lipid peroxidation
- SOD :
-
superoxide dismutase
- CAT :
-
catalase
- TBLN :
-
tracheobronchial lymph node
- MC :
-
medullary cord
- HEV :
-
high endothelial venule
- PS :
-
paracortical sinuses
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This work was supported by the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi (No: ERIP/ER/1103944/M/01/1359). Author T.D. has received research support from DRDO.
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Arul Prakash Francis and Thiyagarajan Devasena contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Arul Prakash Francis, Thiyagarajan Devasena, and Selvam Ganapathy. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Arul Prakash Francis and Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan Meenakshi. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Padappai, India (4/106/IAEC/2013).
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Francis, A.P., Meenakshi, D.U., Ganapathy, S. et al. Evaluating the ameliorative effect of nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog against extrapulmonary toxicity in rat induced by inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotube. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29749-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29749-2