Abstract
Chlorophenols and their derivatives are persistent environmental pollutants, posing a threat to terrestrial and aquatic life. The biological approach for eliminating toxic contaminants is an effective, sustainable, and environmental friendly method. In this study, the crude enzymes present in the secretome of white-rot fungus (Pycnoporus sp.) were explored for the degradation of 2-chlorophenol. The activity of ligninolytic enzymes in the secretome was analyzed and characterized for their kinetics and thermodynamic properties. Laccase and manganese peroxidase were prevalent ligninolytic enzymes and exhibited temperature stability in the range of 50–65 °C and pH 4–5, respectively. The kinetic parameters Michaelis constant (Km) and turnover number (Kcat) for Lac were 42.54 μM and 45 s−1 for 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylben- zothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and 93.56 μM and 48 s−1 towards 2,6-dimethoxyphenol whereas Km and Kcat for MnP were 2039 μM and 294 s−1 for guaiacol as substrate. Treatment with the crude enzymes laccase and manganese peroxidase results in the reduction of 2-chlorophenol concentration, confirmed by UV–visible absorption spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The detoxification of 2-chlorophenol into less toxic forms was confirmed by the plate toxicity assay. This study demonstrated that crude enzymes produced by Pycnoporus sp. could potentially minimize the toxicity of phenolic compounds in a sustainable way.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Anjan Ray, Director, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Petroleum (Dehradun, India), for providing the necessary facilities for this work.
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This research was funded by CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum under MLP-1170. We also acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology (New Delhi, India) for providing the fellowship to Raja Singh Rawal.
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Sunil Kumar Suman contributed to the study conception and design of the manuscript. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Raja Singh Rawal and Aditri Mehant. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Raja Singh Rawal. Sunil Kumar Suman reviewed and corrected the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Rawal, R.S., Mehant, A. & Suman, S.K. Deciphering ligninolytic enzymes in the secretome of Pycnoporus sp. and their potential in degradation of 2-chlorophenol. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 92830–92841 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28932-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28932-9