Abstract
Microbial communities composed of bacteria, archaea and fungi play a pivotal role in driving the biogeochemical cycles in the marine ecosystem. Despite the vastness of the South Indian Ocean, only a few studies reported the simultaneous analysis of bacterial, archaeal and fungal diversity therein, particularly archaeal and fungal communities in deep-sea environments received less attention previously. In this study, microbial diversity, community composition and dynamics in microbial community structure in eight deep-sea sediment samples collected from different sites at varying depths of the South Indian Ocean were explored using Next-Generation Sequencing. In total, 21 bacterial phyla representing 541 OTUs were identified from the eight samples, where phylum Proteobacteria was found as the most abundant bacterial phylum in five out of eight samples. Firmicutes and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla in the rest of the three samples. In the case of archaea, uncultured species belonging to the phyla Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were the abundant taxa in all the samples. Similarly, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant fungal phyla present therein. In all the eight samples studied here, about 10–58% and 19–26% OTUs in archaeal and fungal communities were mapped to unclassified taxa respectively, suggesting the lack of representation in databases. Co-occurrence network analysis further revealed that bacterial communities tend to be more dynamic than archaeal and fungal communities. This study provides interesting insights into the microbial diversity, community composition and dynamics in microbial community structure in the deep-sea sediments of the South Indian Ocean.
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Data availability
The sequence data associated with this article is submitted to the GenBank database under accession number PRJNA722388.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFE0107100), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the postdoctoral research funding program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 2021K309C).
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DZ: project administration, funding acquisition, conceptualization, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing; SS: funding acquisition, conceptualization, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, writing—original draft; LG: methodology, investigation, conceptualization, writing—review and editing; MZN: methodology, investigation, conceptualization, writing—review and editing; WZ: conceptualization, writing—review and editing; JJ: conceptualization, writing—review and editing; JS: project administration, funding acquisition, conceptualization, methodology, resources, writing—review and editing.
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Zhu, D., Sethupathy, S., Gao, L. et al. Microbial diversity and community structure in deep-sea sediments of South Indian Ocean. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 45793–45807 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19157-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19157-3