Abstract
Natural rates of metal mobilization and deposition in terrestrial and aquatic environments have been changed due to anthropic activities, exposing the native biota to dangerous effects related to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of metals. This study assessed the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn in the water and riverbed sediment samples from the Verde River basin (VR), and in tissue samples from two native fishes, the Psalidodon paranae, a VR inhabitant, and the Psalidodon aff. fasciatus, a migratory species. Arithmetic mean values of metal concentrations recorded in waters were Cr: 46.16, Ni: 40.29, Cd 43.19, Pb: 57.74, Cu: 63.72, Mn: 98.36, Co: 64.53, Zn: 81.19, while for riverbed sediments were Cr: 11.84, Ni: 10.52, Cd: 7.14, Pb: 15.00, Cu: 22.16, Mn: 334.77, Co: 24.62, Zn: 434.44. For several analyzed samples, metal concentrations found were higher than Brazilian and international limits set for healthy aquatic life and human uses. Analyzed fish tissues also presented metal concentrations higher than Brazilian and international limits set, indicating a high ecological and health risk for the region. Psalidodon paranae showed affinity to bioconcentrate Pb, Zn, and Cd, while Psalidodon. aff. fasciatus tended to bioconcentrate Ni, Zn, and Cr. Multivariate analyses revealed spatial and temporal patterns in the metal contaminations in VR. These patterns were associated with rural and urban activities developed along VR, which practice inadequate soil handling, indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, and the dumping of domestic garbage and untreated and treated sewage into the river. The implementation of public policies for biomonitoring and pollution control by metals in VR is essential to safeguard regional water resources and their biota.
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Abbreviations
- BAF:
-
Bioaccumulation factor
- BCF:
-
Bioconcentration factor
- C.I:
-
Cumulated inertia
- CGNP:
-
Campos Gerais National Park
- DEEPA:
-
Escarpment Environmental Protection Area
- L.C:
-
Loading coefficient
- PCA:
-
Principal component analyses
- PEL:
-
Probable effect level
- PRB:
-
Pitangui River Basin
- TEL:
-
Threshold effect level
- TRB:
-
Tibagi River Basin
- UPRE:
-
Upper Paraná River Ecoregion
- VR:
-
Verde River
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Acknowledgements
Data come from the project “Structure of assemblages and population dynamics of the Neotropical ichthyofauna from a Paranaense micro basin, Southern Brazil”, granted by Araucaria Foundation (State of Paraná Research Foundation) and Boticário Group Foundation for Nature Protection. Estevan Luiz da Silveira thanks the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the Doctorate scholarship (Finance Code 001). André Martins Vaz-dos-Santos thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the research grant (Processes no. 305403/2015-0 and 310451/2018-3).
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Araucaria Foundation (State of Paraná Research Foundation) and Boticário Group Foundation for Nature Protection, CAPES (Finance Code 001), CNPq (research grant no. 310451/2018-3).
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Cleber Pinto da Silva: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, formal analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Estevan Luiz da Silveira: Conceptualization, investigation, resources, formal analysis, writing—review and editing. Daniele Cristina Hass Seremeta: resources, writing—review. Danilo Gabriel dos Santos Matos: resources, writing—review. André Martins Vaz-dos-Santos: conceptualization, investigation, resources, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, supervision. Sandro Xavier de Campos: supervision, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing.
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Samplings were licensed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Authorization no. 40132-2 and no. 51797-1) and by the Certificate of the Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Paraná (Authorization no. 38/2015).
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da Silva, C.P., da Silveira, E.L., Seremeta, D.C.H. et al. Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of metals in Characidae from a Neotropical river basin under anthropic activities. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 38434–38447 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13420-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13420-9