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Benthic ostracods (crustacean) as a nearshore pollution bio-monitor: examples from the Red Sea Coast of Egypt

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Abstract

Benthic ostracods are deemed as one of the most useful micro-fauna for biomonitoring in shallow marine ecosystem, which are sensitive to environmental changes that can be reflected by their diversity and abundances. The pollution leads to high dominance index and low abundance ostracod communities. Therefore, eighteen sediment samples were collected from Ras Gharib and Quseir sites, along the Red Sea coast, to assess the ostracods response toward the anthropogenic environmental disturbances. Jugosocythereis borchersi, Alocopocythere reticulata, and Loxocorniculum ghardaqensis are the most abundant ostracods in the study localities. To evaluate the linkage between ostracods and contaminated sediments, metal concentrations in the sediments were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). We observed a significant spatial difference in elemental distribution in sediment samples, and some elements are of higher contributions than the average marine sediment composition. The quantitative analysis of benthic ostracod associations was processed statistically with geochemical data and differentiated the study area into two environments, based on the degrees of contamination. Quseir is encompassing the most contaminated stations. It is characterized by sediments richer in heavy metals, higher silt, and higher organic matter contents. Contaminated environments favor the presence of pollution-tolerant species (e.g., J. borchersi, C. torosa, L. ghardaqensis, G. triebeli, M. striata, A. reticulata, and partly, C. dimorpha). Conversely, Ras Gharib is less polluted with metals and organic matter, and is characterized by pollution-sensitive species (X. rhomboidea). Noteworthy, a low density of ostracods was observed at the expense of the diversity around contaminated stations of the Quseir site.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are included in the published article and its supplementary information files and are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Change history

Abbreviations

J. borchersi :

Jugosocythereis borchersi

H. rubrimaris :

Hiltermannicythere rubrimaris

L .ghard :

Loxocorniculum ghardaqensis

M. striata :

Moosella striata

G. triebeli :

Ghardaglaia triebeli

X. rhomboidea :

Xestolebris rhomboidea

X. ghardaqae :

Xestoleberis ghardaqae

C. dimorpha :

Cytheroma dimorpha

C. torosa :

Cyprideis torosa

A. reticulata :

Alocopocythere reticulata.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to the Cairo University for funding the chemical analyses. We are grateful to the editor Dr. Sarma VVSS and the two anonymous reviewers for considering the manuscript and help evolving it.

Funding

Partial financial support was received from Cairo University for the geochemical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Ramadan El-Kahawy, Moataz El-Shafeiy & Nabil Aboul-Ela

  2. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

    Sobhi Helal

  3. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada branch, Hurghada, Egypt

    M. Abd El-Wahab

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  1. Ramadan El-Kahawy
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  2. Moataz El-Shafeiy
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Contributions

Nabil Aboul-Ela, Sobhi Helal, and M. Abd El-Wahab proposed and designed the research study. Ramadan El-Kahawy contributed to the acquisition of data. R. El-Kahawy, M. El-Shafeiy, and Sobhi Helal analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Moataz El-Shafeiy.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The image of Figure 9, citations of Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 and the captions of Figures 9 and 10 are modified in this paper.

Supplementary information

ESM 1

Species distribution chart showing the ostracods density at the two studied sites. (PNG 1806 kb)

High resolution (TIF 363 kb)

ESM 2

Percentage of all species, genera, and families collected from the two sampling sites (Ras Gharib and Quseir). (PNG 1908 kb)

High resolution (TIF 238 kb)

ESM 3

1–3: Jugosocythereis borchersi (Hartmann 1964), Sample no. Q.2; 4: Paranesidean. sp2. Bonaduce, Ciliberto, Minichelli, Masoli & Pugliese, 1983, Sample no. Q.5; 5–6: Paranesidea fracticorallicola Maddocks, 1969, Sample no. Q.2; 7–8: Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann 1964), Sample no. Q.6; 9: Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948, Sample no. G.8; 10: Cytherelloidea n. sp1. Bonaduce, Ciliberto, Minichelli, Masoli & Pugliese1983, Sample no. Q.3; 11: Hiltermannicythere rubrimaris (Hartmann 1964), Sample no. Q.7; 12-Moosella striata Hartmann 1964, Sample no. G.8; 13: Caudites levis Hartmann 1964, Sample no. Q.9; 14: Alocopocythere reticulata (Hartmann 1964), Sample no. Q.1; 15: Cyprideis torosa, (Jones, 1850), Sample no. Q.2 (PNG 1.05 mb)

High resolution (TIF 3.39 mb)

ESM 4

1: Bishopina cf. spinulosa (Brady, 1868), Sample no. Q.3; 2: Loxoconcha gurneyi Bate & Gurney, 1981, Sample no. G.9; 3: Loxocorniculum ghardaqensis (Hartmann 1964), Sample no. Q.2; 4- Sclerochilus rectomarginatus Hartmann 1964, Sample no. Q.6; 5: Hemicytherura videns (Müller, 1894), Sample no. Q.5; 6: Chartocythere arenicola (Hartmann 1964), Sample no. G.8; 7: Ghardaglaia triebeli Hartmann 1964, Sample no. Q.2; 8: Cytheroma dimorpha Hartmann 1964, Sample no. Q.7; 9: Paradoxostoma breve Müller, 1894, Sample no. Q.6; 10: Paradoxostoma parabreve Hartmann 1964, Sample no. Q.9; 11: Xestoleberis ghardaqae. Hartmann 1964, Sample no. Q.2; 12: Xestoleberis rhomboidea Hartmann 1964, Sample no. Q.3 (PNG 802 kb)

High resolution (TIF 2.55 mb)

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El-Kahawy, R., El-Shafeiy, M., Helal, S. et al. Benthic ostracods (crustacean) as a nearshore pollution bio-monitor: examples from the Red Sea Coast of Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 31975–31993 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12266-x

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