Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) photodegradation on WO3-TiO2-SBA-15 nanostructured composite

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A current environmental problem is the uncontrolled use of various pesticides that are harmful to the environment and public health. The herbicide 2,4-D is widely used, making it a vector of contamination for aquatic bodies, air, soil, and biomass. In recent decades, researchers have studied remediation of this compound in the environment. In this work, WO3 and TiO2 were supported on SBA-15 molecular sieve by the in situ anchoring (ISA) method, with different molar percentages of WO3 in relation to the oxide content: X = 25%, 50%, and 75%. The W-Ti-S (X) samples were characterized by XDR, XRF, Raman, FTIR, diffuse reflectance of UV-vis, and adsorption and desorption of N2. SBA-15 mesoporous structure was not destroyed even after the incorporation of the oxides. XRD analyses associated with Raman result found a predominance of the anatase phase for titanium oxide, and the FRX showed low incorporation of nanoparticles. Photocatalytic tests indicated that the catalytic activity depends on WO3 and TiO2 content, although all W-Ti-S (X) samples exhibited similar TOF value. The W-Ti-S (25) sample had the highest photocatalytic activity, 76% herbicide photodegradation under ultraviolet irradiation, at 270 min. The analysis of the catalytic cycles indicated that W-Ti-S (25) keeps out 70% of photocatalytic activity in the fourth catalytic cycle. In addition, the W-Ti-S (25) catalytic activity under direct sunlight irradiation was similar to that under artificial UV irradiation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abega AV, Ngomo HM, Nongwe I, Mukaya HE, Sone Paul-M AK, Mbianda XY (2019) Easy and convenient synthesis of CNT/TiO2 nanohybrid by in-surface oxidation of Ti3+ ions and application in the photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water. Synth Metals 251:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abo El-Yazeed WS, Ahmed AI (2019) Photocatalytic activity of mesoporous WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites for the photodegradation of methylene blue. Inorg Chem Commun 105:102–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adeleye AS, Conway JR, Garner K, Huang Y, Su Y, Keller AA (2016) Engineered nanomaterials for water treatment and remediation: costs, benefits, and applicability. Chem Eng J 286:640–662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Araújo MM, Silva LKR, Sczancoski JC, Orlandi MO, Longo E, Santos AGD, Sá JLS, Santos RS, Luz GE Jr, Cavalcante LS (2016) Anatase TiO2 nanocrystals anchored at inside of SBA-15 mesopores and their optical behavior. Appl Surf Sci. 389:1137–1147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Badellino C, Rodrigues CA, Bertazzoli R (2006) Oxidation of pesticides by in situ electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide: study for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. J Hazard Mater B137:856–864

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger M, Nouali H, Dorge S, Habermacher D, Fiani E, Vierling M, Molière M, Schönnenbeck C, Brilhac J-F, Patarin J (2018) Long-term activity of a CuO/SBA-15 type SOx adsorbent: impact of the regeneration step. Chem Eng J 347:202–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burke IC, Bell JL (2014) Plant health management: herbicides. Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems 4:425–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao Y, Huang L, Bai Y, Jermsittiparsert K, Hosseinzadeh R, Rasoulnezhad H, Hosseinzadeh G (2020) Synergic effect of oxygen vacancy defect and shape on the photocatalytic performance of nanostructured TiO2 coating. Polyhedron 175:114214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W-K, Tseng H-H, Wei M-C, En-Ch S, Ching CI (2014) Transesterification of canola oil as biodiesel over Na/Zr-SBA-15 catalysts: effect of zirconium content. Int J Hydrog Energy 39:19555–19562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Zhang Z, Feng M, Liu W, Wang W, Yang Q, Hu Y (2017) Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by persulfate activated with FeS (mackinawite). Chem Eng J 313:498–507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Wei J, Ma C, Yang Z, Li Z, Yang X, Wang M, Zhang H, Hu J, Zhang C (2020) Photosynthetic bacteria-based technology is a potential alternative to meet sustainable wastewater treatment requirement? Environ Int 137:105417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chian ESK, Bruce WN, Fang HHP (1975) Removal of pesticides by reverse osmosis. Environ Sci Technol 9:52–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciptonugroho W, Al-Shaal MG, Mensah JB, Palkovits R (2016) One pot synthesis of WOx/mesoporous-ZrO2 catalysts for the production of levulinic-acid esters. J Catal 340:17–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark KK, Keller AA (2012) Investigation of two magnetic permanently confined micelle array sorbents using nonionic and cationic surfactants for the removal of PAHs and pesticides from aqueous media. Water Air Soil Pollut 223:3647–3655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conceição DS, Graça CAL, Ferreira DP, Ferraria AM, Fonseca IM, Rego AMB, Teixeira ACSC, Ferreira LFV (2017) Photochemical insights of TiO2 decorated mesoporous SBA-15 materials and their influence on the photodegradation of organic contaminants. Micropor Mesopor Mater 253:203–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa MJS, Costa GS, Lima AEB, Luz GE Jr, Longo E, Cavalcante LS, Santos RS (2018) Investigation of charge recombination lifetime in γ-WO3 films modified with Ag0 and Pt0 nanoparticles and its influence on photocurrent density. Ionics 24:3291–3297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong C, Zhao R, Yao L, Ran Y, Zhang X, Wang Y (2020) A review on WO3 based gas sensors: morphology control and enhanced sensing properties. J Alloys Compd 820:153194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dozzi MV, Marzorati S, Longhi M, Coduri M, Artiglia L, Selli E (2016) Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-WO3 mixed oxides in relation toelectron transfer efficiency. Appl Catal B Environ 186:157–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey RS (2018) Temperature-dependent phase transformation of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method. Mater Lett 215:312–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Etacheri V, Di Valentin C, Schneider J, Bahnemannd D, Pillai SC (2015) Visible-light activation of TiO2 photocatalysts: advances in theory and experiments. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Reviews 25:1–29

  • Feigenbrugel V, Le Calvé S, Mirabel P (2006) Molar absorptivities of 2,4-D, cymoxanil, fenpropidin, isoproturon and pyrimethanil in aqueous solution in the near-U. Spectrochim Acta A 63:103–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giasafaki D, Charalambopoulou G, Tampaxis C, Dimos K, Gournis D, Stubos A, Steriotis T (2016) Comparing hydrogen sorption in different Pd-doped pristine and surface-modified nanoporous carbons. Carbon 98:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomiero T (2016) Soil degradation, land scarcity and food security: reviewing a complex challenge. Sustainability. 281:1–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomiero T (2018) Agriculture and degrowth: state of the art and assessment of organic and biotech-based agriculture from a degrowth perspective. J Clean Prod 197:1823–1839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González GC, Julcour C, Chaumat H, Jáuregui-Haza U, Delmas H (2018) Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by photolysis and photo-Fenton oxidation. J Environ Chem Eng 6:874–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guzmán C, del Ángel G, Gómeza R, Galindo-Hernández F, Ángeles-Chavez C (2011) Degradation of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid over Au/TiO2–CeO2 photocatalysts: effect of the CeO2 content on the photoactivity. Catal Today 166:146–151

  • He F, Meng A, Cheng B, Ho W, Yu J (2020) Enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity of WO3/TiO2 step-scheme heterojunction by graphene modification. Chin J Catal 41:9–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu L, Yang F, Lu W, Hao Y, Yuan H (2013) Heterogeneous activation of oxone with CoMg/SBA-15 for the degradation of dye Rhodamine B in aqueous solution. Appl Catal B Environ 134–135:7–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Z, Quan H, Chen Z, Shao Y, Li D (2018) New insight into an efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic organic transformation over CdS/TiO2 photocatalysts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 17:51–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunge YM, Yadav AA, Mahadik MA, Bulakhe RN, Shim JJ, Mathe VL, Bhosale CH (2018) Degradation of organic dyes using spray deposited nanocrystalline stratified WO3/TiO2 photoelectrodes under sunlight illumination. Opt Mater 76:260–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iliev V, Tomova D, Bilyarska L (2018) Promoting the oxidative removal rate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on gold-doped WO3/TiO2/reduced graphene oxide photocatalysts under UV light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 351:69–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Islam F, Wang J, Farooq MA, Khan MSS, Xu L, Zhu J, Zhao M, Muños S, Li QX, Zhou W (2018) Potential impact of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on human and ecosystems. Environ Int 111:332–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail AA, Abdelfattah I, Helal A, Al-Sayari SA, Robben L, Bahnemann DW (2016) Ease synthesis of mesoporous WO3–TiO2 nanocomposites withenhanced photocatalytic performance for photodegradation ofherbicide imazapyr under visible light and UV illumination. J Hazard Mater 307:43–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IUPAC (2015) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem:1–19

  • Jaafarzadeh N, Ghanbari F, Ahmadi M (2017) Catalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by nano-Fe2O3 activated peroxymonosulfate: influential factors and mechanism determination. Chemosphere. 169:568–576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Z, Wang X, Cui X (2008) Synthesis and morphological investigation of ordered SBA-15-type mesoporous silica with an amphiphilic triblock copolymer template under various conditions. Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 316:27–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin J, Chen S, Wang J, Chen C, Peng T (2020) One-pot hydrothermal preparation of PbO-decorated brookite/anatase TiO2 composites with remarkably enhanced CO2 photoreduction activity. Appl Catal B Environ 263:118353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamaraj R, Davidson DJ, Sozhan G, Vasudevan S (2014) Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from water by in situ generated metal hydroxides using sacrificial anodes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 45:2943–2949

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamegawa T, Yamahana D, Yamashita H (2010) Graphene coating of TiO2 nanoparticles loaded on mesoporous silica for enhancement of photocatalytic activity. J Phys Chem C 114:15049–15053

  • Karthikeyan C, Arunachalam P, Ramachandran K, Al-Mayouf AM, Karuppuchamy S (2020) Recent advances in semiconductor metal oxides with enhanced methods for solar photocatalytic applications. J Alloys Compd 828:154281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kee M-W, Lam S-M, Sin J-C, Zeng H, Mohamed AR (2020) Explicating charge transfer dynamics in anodic TiO2/ZnO/Zn photocatalytic fuel cell for ameliorated palm oil mill effluent treatment and synchronized energy generation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 391:112353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khaki MRD, Shafeeyan MS, Raman AAA, Daud WMAW (2017) Application of doped photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation - a review. J Environ Manag 198:78–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan I, Abdalla A, Qurashi A (2017) Synthesis of hierarchical WO3 and Bi2O3/WO3 nanocomposite for solar-driven water splitting applications. Int J Hydrog Energy 42:3431–3439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koohestani H (2019) Characterization of TiO2/WO3 composite produced with recycled WO3 nanoparticles from W-Ni-Fe alloy. Mater Chem Phys 229:251–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Khan M, He J, Lo IMC (2020) Recent developments and challenges in practical application of visible-light-driven TiO2-based heterojunctions for PPCP degradation: a critical review. Water Res 170:115356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai Y-K, Huang J-Y, Zhang H-F, Subramaniam V-P, Tang Y-X, Gong D-G, Sundar L, Sun L, Chen Z, Lin C-J (2010) Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube array films with enhanced photocatalytic activity under various light sources. J Hazard Mater 184:855–863

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu F, Astruc D (2020) Nanocatalysts and other nanomaterials for water remediation from organic pollutants. Coordin Chem Reviews 408:213180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo X, Ke Y, Yu L, Wang Y, Homewood KP, Chen X, Gao Y (2020) Tandem CdS/TiO2(B) nanosheet photocatalysts for enhanced H2 evolution. Appl Surf Sci 515:145970

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luz GE Jr, Lima SH, Melo ACR, Araujo AS, Fernandes VJ (2010) Direct synthesis and characterization of LaSBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves. J Mater Sci 45:1117–1122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J-Y, Quan X-C, Yang Z-F, An-Jie L (2012) Biodegradation of a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and multiple chlorophenols by aerobic granules cultivated through plasmid pJP4 mediated bioaugmentation. Chem Eng J 181–182:144–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra R, Ali A (2019) 5-Na/ZnO doped mesoporous silica as reusable solid catalyst for biodiesel production via transesterification of virgin cottonseed oil. Renew Energy 133:606–619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mavera K, Arčona I, Fanetti M, Emin S, Valant M, Štangar UL (2020) Improved photocatalytic activity of anatase-rutile nanocomposites induced by low-temperature sol-gel Sn-modification of TiO2. Catal Today. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2020.01.045

  • Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Megharaj M (2020) Pesticides in the urban environment: a potential threat that knocks at the door. Sci Total Environ 711:134612

  • Mkhalid IA (2016) Photocatalyticdegradationofherbicidesundervisiblelightusing Pd-WO3 nanorods. Ceram Int 42:15975–15980

  • Morillo E, Villaverde J (2017) Advanced technologies for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils. Sci Total Environ 586:576–597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M (2013) Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 268:157–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Najafidoust A, Allahyari S, Rahemi N, Tasbihi M (2020) Uniform coating of TiO2 nanoparticles using biotemplates for photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Ceram Int 46:4707–4719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nalcaci OO, Sirin S, Ovez B (2006) Toxicity determination of various phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides using cress seed in phosphate contaminated aqueous media. WIT Trans Ecol Environ 30:301–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Njoku VO, Islam MA, Asif M, Hameed BH (2015) Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by mesoporous activated carbon prepared from H3PO4-activated langsat empty fruit bunch. J Environ Manag 154:138–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nobre FX, Mariano FAF, Santos FEP, Rocco MLM, Manzato L, Matos JME, Couceiro PRC, Brito WR (2019) Heterogeneous photocatalysis of Tordon 2,4-D herbicide using the phase mixture of TiO2. J Environ Chem Eng 7:103501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohsaka T, Izumi F, Fujiki Y (1978) Raman spectrum of anatase, TiO2. J Raman Spectrosc 7:321–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ormad MP, Miguel N, Claver A, Matesanz JM, Ovelleiro JL (2008) Pesticides removal in the process of drinking water production. Chemosphere 71:97–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otalvaro JO, Avena M, Brigante M (2019) Adsorption of organic pollutants by amine functionalized mesoporous silica in aqueous solution. Effects of pH, ionic strength and some consequences of APTES stability. J Environ Chem Eng 7:103325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ova D, Ovez B (2013) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid removal from aqueous solutions via adsorption in the presence of biological contamination. J Environ Chem Eng 1:813–821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patil SM, Deshmukh SP, More KV, Shevale VB, Mullani SB, Dhodamani AG, Delekar SD (2019) Sulfated TiO2/WO3 nanocomposite: An efficient photocatalyst for degradation of Congo red and methyl red dyes under visible light irradiation. Mater Chem Phys 225:247–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paula LF, Hofer M, Lacerda VPB, Bahnemann DW, Patrocinio AOT (2019) Unraveling the photocatalytic properties of TiO2/WO3 mixed oxides. Photochem Photobiol Sci 18:2469–2483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu S, Cindrella L, Kwon OJ, Mohanraju K (2018) Photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activity of TiO2-WO3 heterostructures boosted by mutual interaction. Mater Sci Semicond Process 88:10–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qourzal S, Barka N, Tamimi M, Assabbane A, Nounah A, Ihlal A, Ait-Ichou Y (2009) Sol–gel synthesis of TiO2–SiO2 photocatalyst for β-naphthol photodegradation. Mater Sci Eng C 29:1616–1620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei M, Salem S (2016) Photocatalytic activity enhancement of anatase–graphene nanocomposite for methylene removal: degradation and kinetics. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 167:41–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabarwal A, Kumar K, Singh RP (2018) Hazardous effects of chemical pesticides on human health–cancer and other associated disorders. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 63:103–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sajjad AKL, Shamaila S, Tian B, Chen F, Zhang J (2010) Comparative studies of operational parameters of degradation of azo dyes in visible light by highly efficient WOx/TiO2 photocatalyst. J Hazard Mater 177:781–791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanches SG, Flores JH, Silva MIP (2018) Ti dispersion on SBA-15 porous host to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Mol Struct 1170:9–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandeep S, Nagashree KL, Maiyalagan T, Keerthiga G (2018) Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid – a comparative study in hydrothermal TiO2 and commercial TiO2. Appl Surf Sci 449:371–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz-Pérez ES, Dantas TCM, Arencibia A, Calleja G, Guedes APMA, Araujo AS, Sanz R (2017) Reuse and recycling of amine-functionalized silica materials for CO2 adsorption. Chem Eng J 308:1021–1033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla P, Sun H, Wang S, Ming H, Tadé MO (2011) Co-SBA-15 for heterogeneous oxidation of phenol with sulfate radical for wastewater treatment. Catal Today 175:380–385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares Filho AF, Cruz Filho JF, Lima MS, Carvalho LM, Silva LKR, Costa JS, Dantas TCM, Luz GE (2018) Photodegradation of 17α-ethynylstradiol (EE2) on nanostructured material of type WO3-SBA-15. Water Air Soil Pollut 229:268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa WRDN, Oliveira AR, Cruz Filho JF, Dantas TCM, Santos AGD, Caldeira VPS, Luz GE Jr (2018) Ciprofloxacin adsorption on ZnO supported on SBA-15. Water Air Soil Pollut 229:125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souza RM, Seibert D, Quesada HB, Bassetti FJ, Fagundes-Klen MR, Bergamasco R (2020) Occurrence, impacts and general aspects of pesticides in surface water: a review. Proces Saf Environ Prot 135:22–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stehle S, Schulz R (2015) Agricultural insecticides threaten surface waters at the global scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:5750–5755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tahir M, Siraj M, Tahir B, Umer M, Alias H, Othman N (2020) Au-NPs embedded Z–scheme WO3/TiO2 nanocomposite for plasmon-assisted photocatalytic glycerol-water reforming towards enhanced H2 evolution. Appl Surf Sci 503:144344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thunyaratchatanon C, Luengnaruemitchai A, Chaisuwan T, Chollacoop N, Chen S-Y, Yoshimura Y (2017) Synthesis and characterization of Zr incorporation into highly ordered mesostructured SBA-15 material and its performance for CO2 adsorption. Micropor Mesopor Mater 253:18–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vibulyaseak K, Bureekaew S, Ogawa M (2017) Size-controlled synthesis of anatase in a mesoporous silica, SBA-15. Langmuir. 33:13598–13603

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Sun M, Murugananthan M, Zhang Y, Zhang L (2020) Electrochemically self-doped WO3/TiO2 nanotubes for photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds. Appl Catal B Environ 260:118205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wołejko E, Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Wydro U, Butarewicz A, Łozowick B (2020) Soil biological activity as an indicator of soil pollution with pesticides – a review. Appl Soil Ecol 147:103356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Cai J, Zhou M, Du X, Zhang Y (2020) Photoelectrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using electrochemically self-doped blue TiO2 nanotube arrays with formic acid as electrolyte. J Hazard Mater 382:121096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Si Z, Weng D, Yao Y (2014) Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of porousWO3/TiO2 hollow microspheres. Appl Surf Sci 313:470–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Ma Y, Chen F, Yao F, Sun J, Wang S, Yi K, Hou L, Li X, Wang D (2019) Recent advances in photo-activated sulfate radical-advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) for refractory organic pollutants removal in water. Chem Eng J 378:122149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanyan L, Kurniawan TA, Ying Z, Albadarin AB, Walker G (2017) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen from wastewater usingWO3/TiO2/SiO2 composite under UV–VIS irradiation. J Mol Liq 243:761–770

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanetti SM, Rocha KO, Rodrigues JAJ, Longo E (2014) Soft-chemical synthesis, characterization and humidity sensing behavior of WO3/TiO2 nanopowders. Sensors Actuators B 190:40–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Žerjav G, Arshad MS, Djinović P, Zavašnik J, Pintar A (2017) Electron trapping energy states of TiO2–WO3 composites and their influence on photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol a. Appl Catal B Environ 209:273–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan W, Yao J, Xiao Z, Guo Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Lu G (2014) Catalytic performance of Ti-SBA-15 prepared by chemical vapor deposition for propylene epoxidation: the effects of SBA-15 support and silylation. Micropor Mesopor Mater 183:150–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Ren T (2012) Silica supported ruthenium oxide nanoparticulates as efficient catalysts for water oxidation. Chem Commun 48:11002–11007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Cao Z, Zhang H, Zhao L, Sun X, Mei F (2013) Degradation characteristics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inelectro-biological system. J Hazard Mater 262:137–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Feng J, Huo Q, Melosh N, Fredrickson GH, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD (1998a) Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores. Science 279:548–552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Huo Q, Feng J, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD (1998b) Nonionic triblock and star diblock copolymer and oligomeric surfactant syntheses of highly ordered, hydrothermally stable, mesoporous silica structures. J Am Chem Soc 120:6024–6036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuanazzi NR, Ghisi NC, Oliveira EC (2020) Analysis of global trends and gaps for studies about 2,4-D herbicide toxicity: a scientometric review. Chemosphere 241:125016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

We would like to thank the CNPq (455864/2014-4, 307559/2016-8, 305757/2018-0), FINEP (ref. no. 0315/08), and CAPES for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. PPGQ- DQ, Universidade Federal do Piauí–UFPI, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil

    Laíse M. Carvalho, Antônio F. Soares-Filho, Taisa C. M. Dantas & Geraldo E. Luz Jr

  2. PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ-Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Rua: João Cabral, N. 2231, Teresina, PI, 64002-150, Brazil

    Maciel S. Lima, João F. Cruz-Filho & Geraldo E. Luz Jr

Authors
  1. Laíse M. Carvalho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Antônio F. Soares-Filho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maciel S. Lima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. João F. Cruz-Filho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Taisa C. M. Dantas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Geraldo E. Luz Jr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Geraldo E. Luz Jr.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Sami Rtimi

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Carvalho, L.M., Soares-Filho, A.F., Lima, M.S. et al. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) photodegradation on WO3-TiO2-SBA-15 nanostructured composite. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 7774–7785 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11085-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11085-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation