Abstract
Nicosulfuron is a post-emergence herbicide used for weed control in maize fields (Zea mays L.). Here, the pair of nearly isogenic inbred lines SN509-R (nicosulfuron resistant) and SN509-S (nicosulfuron sensitive) was used to study the effect of nicosulfuron on growth, oxidative stress, and the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in waxy maize seedlings. Nicosulfuron treatment was applied at the five-leaf stage and water treatment was used as control. After nicosulfuron treatment, the death of SN509-S might be associated with increased oxidative stress. Compared with SN509-R, higher O2·- and H2O2 accumulations were observed in SN509-S, which can severely damage lipids and proteins, thus reducing membrane stability. The effects were exacerbated with extended exposure time. Both O2·- and H2O2 detoxification is regulated by enzymes. After nicosulfuron treatment, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of SN509-S were significantly lower than those of SN509-R. Compared to SN509-R, ascorbate content (AA), glutathione (GSH) content, GSH to glutathione disulfide ratios, and AA to dehydroascorbate ratios significantly declined with increasing exposure time in SN509-S. Compared to SN509-S, nicosulfuron treatment increased the transcript levels of most of the APX genes except for APX1, and in contrast to Gst1, upregulated the transcription of sod9, MDHAR, DHAR, and GR genes in SN509-R. These results suggest that on a transcription level and in accordance with their responses, detoxifying enzymes play a vital role in the O2·- and H2O2 detoxification of maize seedlings under nicosulfuron exposure.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
Ascorbate
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- DAT:
-
Days after nicosulfuron treatment
- DHAR:
-
Dehydroascorbate reductase
- DHA:
-
Dehydroascorbate
- GST:
-
Glutathione-S-transferase
- GR:
-
Glutathione reductase
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- GSSG:
-
Glutathione disulfide
- MDHAR:
-
Monodehydroascorbate reductase
- NILs:
-
Nearly isogenic lines
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
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Thanks go also to two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and valuable comments and suggestions, which is helpful in improving the manuscript.
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This work was supported by National key R & D plan (2017YFD0101100) and Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China (2014215031).
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Wang, J., Zhong, X., Zhu, K. et al. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression patterns in a pair of nearly isogenic lines of nicosulfuron-exposed waxy maize (Zea mays L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 19012–19027 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2105-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2105-0