Abstract
The potential use of a metal-tolerant sunflower mutant line for biomonitoring Cu phytoavailability, Cu-induced soil phytotoxicity, and Cu phytoextraction was assessed on a Cu-contaminated soil series (13–1020 mg Cu kg−1) obtained by fading a sandy topsoil from a wood preservation site with a similar uncontaminated soil. Morphological and functional plant responses as well as shoot, leaf, and root ionomes were measured after a 1-month pot experiment. Hypocotyl length, shoot and root dry weight (DW) yields, and leaf area gradually decreased as soil Cu exposure rose. Their dose-response curves (DRC) plotted against indicators of Cu exposure were generally well fitted by sigmoidal curves. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of morphological parameters ranged between 203 and 333 mg Cu kg−1 soil, corresponding to 290–430 μg Cu L−1 in the soil pore water, and 20 ± 5 mg Cu kg−1 DW in the shoots. The EC10 for shoot Cu concentration (13–15 mg Cu kg−1 DW) coincided to 166 mg Cu kg−1 soil. Total chlorophyll content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were early biomarkers (EC10: 23 and 51 mg Cu kg−1 soil). Their DRC displayed a biphasic response. Photosynthetic pigment contents, e.g., carotenoids, correlated with TAC. Ionome was changed in Cu-stressed roots, shoots, and leaves. Shoot Cu removal peaked roughly at 280 μg Cu L−1 in the soil pore water.
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Abbreviations
- ABTS:
-
2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate)
- AOA:
-
Antioxidant activity
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- AsA:
-
Ascorbate
- Carot:
-
Carotenoid content
- CEC:
-
Cation exchange capacity
- Chl a :
-
Chlorophyll a content
- Chl b :
-
Chlorophyll b content
- ChlTOT:
-
Total chlorophyll content
- CuSH:
-
Shoot Cu concentration
- CuSPW:
-
Total Cu concentration in the soil pore water
- CuTOT:
-
Total soil Cu
- DHAR:
-
Dehydroascorbate reductase
- DMA:
-
Dimethylamine
- DMF:
-
N,N-dimethylformamide
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- DRC:
-
Dose-response curve
- DW SH:
-
Shoot dry weight yield
- DW RT:
-
Root dry weight yield
- EC:
-
Effective concentration
- EL:
-
Epicotyl length
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- FRAP:
-
Ferric-reducing antioxidant potential
- GR:
-
Glutathione reductase
- GSH:
-
Reduced glutathione
- GSSG:
-
Oxidized glutathione
- HL:
-
Hypocotyl length
- IRT:
-
Iron-regulated transporter
- MDHAR:
-
Monodehydroascorbate reductase
- NA:
-
Nicotianamine
- OM:
-
Organic matter
- ORAC:
-
Oxygen radical absorption capacity
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SL:
-
Stem length
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- S/R:
-
Shoot dry weight yield: root dry weight yield ratio
- TAC:
-
Total antioxidant capacity
- TE:
-
Trace element
- TEAC:
-
Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
- TF:
-
Translocation factor
- TLA:
-
Total leaf area
- ZIP:
-
Zinc- and iron-regulated transporter
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by ADEME, Department of Urban Brownfields and Polluted Sites, Angers, France, the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7-KBBE-266124, GREENLAND), the French National Research Agency (PHYTOCHEM ANR-13-CDII-0005-01), and the ERA-Net FACCE SURPLUS (project INTENSE; http://faccesurplus.org/research-projects/intense/). This study has been carried out in the frameworks of the Cluster of Excellence Labex COTE and the INRA Ecotox. Authors give special thanks to Dr. Jean-Paul Maalouf for his technical assistance. Dr. A. Kolbas is grateful to Galina Brutcova for English editing.
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Highlights
• Leaf area, hypocotyl length, root and shoot dry weight yields correlated with total Cu concentration in the soil and the soil pore water.
• Total chlorophyll content and antioxidant capacity in the second leaf pair earlier sensed Cu excess than morphological parameters.
• Shoot Cu removal peaked at 280 μg Cu L−1 in the soil pore water.
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Kolbas, A., Kolbas, N., Marchand, L. et al. Morphological and functional responses of a metal-tolerant sunflower mutant line to a copper-contaminated soil series. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 16686–16701 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1837-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1837-1