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Factors controlling groundwater quality in the Yeonjegu District of Busan City, Korea, using the hydrogeochemical processes and fuzzy GIS

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Abstract

The hydrogeochemical processes and fuzzy GIS techniques were used to evaluate the groundwater quality in the Yeonjegu district of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. The highest concentrations of major ions were mainly related to the local geology. The seawater intrusion into the river water and municipal contaminants were secondary contamination sources of groundwater in the study area. Factor analysis represented the contamination sources of the mineral dissolution of the host rocks and domestic influences. The Gibbs plot exhibited that the major ions were derived from the rock weathering condition. Piper’s trilinear diagram showed that the groundwater quality was classified into five types of CaHCO3, NaHCO3, NaCl, CaCl2, and CaSO4 types in that order. The ionic relationship and the saturation mineral index of the ions indicated that the evaporation, dissolution, and precipitation processes controlled the groundwater chemistry. The fuzzy GIS map showed that highly contaminated groundwater occurred in the northeastern and the central parts and that the groundwater of medium quality appeared in most parts of the study area. It suggested that the groundwater quality of the study area was influenced by local geology, seawater intrusion, and municipal contaminants. This research clearly demonstrated that the geochemical analyses and fuzzy GIS method were very useful to identify the contaminant sources and the location of good groundwater quality.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A3B03934558). We express a deep gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their fruitful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BK21 Plus Project of the School of Earth Environmental Hazard System, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea

    Senapathi Venkatramanan

  2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea

    Senapathi Venkatramanan & Sang Yong Chung

  3. Department of Geology, V O Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sekar Selvam

  4. High Level Waste Disposal Research Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, South Korea

    Seung Yeop Lee

  5. Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea

    Hussam Eldin Elzain

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  1. Senapathi Venkatramanan
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  2. Sang Yong Chung
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  3. Sekar Selvam
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  4. Seung Yeop Lee
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Correspondence to Sang Yong Chung.

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Venkatramanan, S., Chung, S.Y., Selvam, S. et al. Factors controlling groundwater quality in the Yeonjegu District of Busan City, Korea, using the hydrogeochemical processes and fuzzy GIS. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 23679–23693 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9990-5

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