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High toxicity of camphene and γ-elemene from Wedelia prostrata essential oil against larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

  • Plant-borne compounds and nanoparticles: challenges for medicine, parasitology and entomology
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Abstract

The development of eco-friendly biopesticides in the fight against agricultural pests is an important challenge nowadays. The essential oil of Wedelia prostrata Hemsl. is known for its multipurpose biological activities in Chinese folk medicine. However, limited efforts attempted to understand the potential insecticidal activity of its main individual constituents and related mechanism of action. In this research, we investigated the insecticidal activity of W. prostrata against the crop pest Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Toxicity on 4th instar larvae was assessed after 24 h of exposure. The LC50 and LC90 of the W. prostrata essential oil were 167.46 and 322.12 μg/ml, respectively. GC-MS analyses were carried out to shed light on the oil chemical composition. Main constituents were the monoterpene camphene (9.6%) and the sesquiterpenes γ-elemene (7.6%), α-humulene (6.9%), and (E,E)-α-farnesene (7.3%). The pure constituents were evaluated for their insecticidal activity on S. litura 4th instar larvae. The most toxic molecule was camphene (LC50 = 6.28 μg/ml), followed by γ-elemene, (LC50 = 10.64 μg/ml), α-humulene (LC50 = 12.89 μg/ml), and (E,E)-α-farnesene (LC50 = 16.77 μg/ml). Overall, our experiments highlighted the promising potential of camphene and γ-elemene from W. prostrata essential oil against larvae of S. litura, allowing us to propose these two compounds for the development of newer pesticides in the fight against crop pests. Further studies aimed at evaluating the potential synergy between these two molecules, as well as their stability in field conditions are ongoing.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs. The authors thank the Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, for the laboratory provisions granted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Benelli

  2. Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India

    Marimuthu Govindarajan

  3. Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohamad S. AlSalhi & Sandhanasamy Devanesan

  4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohamad S. AlSalhi & Sandhanasamy Devanesan

  5. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

    Filippo Maggi

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  1. Giovanni Benelli
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  2. Marimuthu Govindarajan
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  3. Mohamad S. AlSalhi
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Correspondence to Giovanni Benelli or Marimuthu Govindarajan.

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Benelli, G., Govindarajan, M., AlSalhi, M.S. et al. High toxicity of camphene and γ-elemene from Wedelia prostrata essential oil against larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 10383–10391 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9490-7

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