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Synergetic integration of laccase and versatile peroxidase with magnetic silica microspheres towards remediation of biorefinery wastewater

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Abstract

In this study, a tailor-made biocatalyst consisting of a co-immobilized lignolytic enzyme cascade on multi-functionalized magnetic silica microspheres (MSMS) was developed. Physical adsorption was the most promising strategy for the synthesis of individual immobilized laccase (IL), immobilized versatile peroxidase (IP), as well as co-immobilized laccase (Lac) and versatile peroxidase (VP) with an enzyme activity recovery of about 79, 93, 27, and 27.5%, respectively. Similarly, the biocatalytic load of 116, 183, 23.6, and 31 U/g was obtained for IL, IP, and co-immobilized Lac and VP, respectively. The co-immobilized enzyme system exhibited better pH stability than the free and individual immobilized system by retaining more than 100% residual activity at pH 7.0 after a 150-h incubation; whereas, the thermal stability and kinetics of the co-immobilized biocatalyst were not much improved. IL and IP could be recycled for 10 cycles after which they retained 31 and 44% of their initial activities. Co-immobilized Lac and VP were reused for ten consecutive cycles at the end of which Lac activity was depleted, and 37% of VP activity was left. Free enzymes, IL, IP, co-immobilized Lac, and VP were applied to biorefinery wastewater (BRW) in a batch study to investigate the transformation of phenolic contaminants over a period of 5 days. The major classes of phenolic constituents in terms of their order of removal in a Lac-VP system was phenol >2-chlorophenol > trichlorophenol > dichlorophenol > cresols > dimethylphenol >2 methyl- 4, 6-dinitrophenol > 4-nitrophenol > tetrachlorophenols > pentachlorophenol. The free enzymes and individually immobilized enzymes resulted in 80% dephenolization in 5 days. By contrast, the co-immobilized biocatalyst provided rapid dephenolization yielding the same 80% removal within 24 h and 96% removal of phenols in 60 h after which the system stabilized, which is the major advantage of the co-immobilized biocatalyst.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and SRM University. Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar would like to thank SRM University, Chennai, India for their extensive support to carry out this research under “Faculty Abroad Programme”. Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar also acknowledges the FRQNT-Excellence Program Scholarships for Foreign Students 2015–16. The authors are also thankful to the members of the Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory and Environmental Engineering Laboratory for their assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India

    Dhanya Vishnu, Gerard Neeraj, Ramachandran Swaroopini, Ravi Shobana & Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar

  2. Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada

    Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar

  3. Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada

    Hubert Cabana

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  1. Dhanya Vishnu
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  2. Gerard Neeraj
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  3. Ramachandran Swaroopini
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  4. Ravi Shobana
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  5. Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
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  6. Hubert Cabana
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Correspondence to Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar or Hubert Cabana.

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All precautionary measures were implemented while working with the BRW and its safe disposal was ensured.

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Responsible editor: Gerald Thouand

Highlights

• Laccase and versatile peroxidase were successfully immobilized on magnetic particles.

• The immobilized enzymes displayed enhanced operational behaviors compared to the free enzymes.

• The treatment of biorefinery wastewaters showed high transformation of the phenols.

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Vishnu, D., Neeraj, G., Swaroopini, R. et al. Synergetic integration of laccase and versatile peroxidase with magnetic silica microspheres towards remediation of biorefinery wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 17993–18009 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9318-5

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