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Vinegar residue compost as a growth substrate enhances cucumber resistance against the Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum by regulating physiological and biochemical responses

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Abstract

Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) is the most severe soil-borne disease attacking cucumber. To assess the positive effects of vinegar residue substrate (VRS) on the growth and incidence of Fusarium wilt on cucumber, we determined the cucumber growth parameters, disease severity, defense-related enzyme and pathogenesis-related (PR) protein activities, and stress-related gene expression levels. In in vitro and pot experiments, we demonstrated the following results: (i) the VRS extract exhibited a higher biocontrol activity than that of peat against FOC, and significantly improved the growth inhibition of FOC, with values of 48.3 %; (ii) in response to a FOC challenge, antioxidant enzymes and the key enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolic activities, as well as the PR protein activities in the roots of cucumber, were significantly increased. Moreover, the activities of these proteins were higher in VRS than in peat; (iii) the expression levels of stress-related genes (including glu, pal, and ethylene receptor) elicited responses to the pathogens inoculated in cucumber leaves; and (iv) the FOC treatment significantly inhibited the growth of cucumber seedlings. Moreover, all of the growth indices of plants grown in VRS were significantly higher than those grown in peat. These results offer a new strategy to control cucumber Fusarium wilt, by upregulating the activity levels of defense-related enzymes and PR proteins and adjusting gene expression levels. They also provide a theoretical basis for VRS applications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31401919, 31471869, and 31272209), the China Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-25-C-03), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). This study was also sponsored by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20130097120015).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, 210095, China

      Lu Shi, Nanshan Du, Yinghui Yuan, Sheng Shu, Jin Sun & Shirong Guo

    2. Facility Horticulture Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu Province, China

      Sheng Shu, Jin Sun & Shirong Guo

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    1. Lu Shi
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    5. Jin Sun
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    6. Shirong Guo
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    Correspondence to Shirong Guo.

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    Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

    Lu Shi and Nanshan Du should be considered cofirst authors.

    Lu Shi and Nanshan Du contributed equally to this work.

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    Shi, L., Du, N., Yuan, Y. et al. Vinegar residue compost as a growth substrate enhances cucumber resistance against the Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum by regulating physiological and biochemical responses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 18277–18287 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6798-7

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