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Carnation Fusarium wilt suppression in four composts

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Abstract

Fusarium wilt is now a major disease of carnation crops worldwide. Methyl bromide, which is used to remedy it, is environmentally unsafe. An alternative approach integrated into biological control is to grow crops in suppressive media. Suppressiveness of seven plant growth media to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi was evaluated in bioassays with carnation (Dianthus cariophyllus) cv. Medea. These media were: (1) grape marc compost, (2) cork compost, (3) olive oil husk + cotton gin trash composted and mixed with rice husk, (4) spent mushroom compost mixed with peat, (5) coir fibre, (6) light peat and (7) vermiculite. In order to look for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness indicators, growth medium pH and β-glucosidase activity were evaluated. Furthermore, F. oxysporum populations were measured in plant growth media at the beginning and end of bioassays. The compost media showed a range of suppressiveness in comparison with peat. Grape marc compost was the most effective plant growth medium in suppressing carnation Fusarium wilt. On the other hand coir fibre, peat and vermiculite were conducive for this disease. β-glucosidase activity and pH were positively correlated with disease severity as in other reports for tomato. Therefore, these two parameters are good indicators for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness, and possibly for other F. oxysporum pathosystems. All composts showed similar F. oxysporum populations at the end of the bioassays to peat and vermiculite.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants AGL2002-04313-C03-03 from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and AGL2005-08137-C03-02 from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Proyectos I+D del Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica) of Spain. We thank S. Castillo and F. Arestoy for excellent technical assistance and Recomsa for supplying spent mushroom compost.

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  1. Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera km 1, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain

    Celia Borrero & Manuel Avilés

  2. Dept. Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Avda Diagonal, 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Isabel Trillas

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  1. Celia Borrero
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  2. Isabel Trillas
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  3. Manuel Avilés
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Correspondence to Celia Borrero.

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Borrero, C., Trillas, I. & Avilés, M. Carnation Fusarium wilt suppression in four composts. Eur J Plant Pathol 123, 425–433 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-008-9380-4

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