Abstract
Phytophthora palmivora has caused disease in many crops including oil palm in the South America region. The pathogen has had a significant economic impact on oil palm cultivation in Colombia, and therefore poses a threat to oil palm cultivation in other regions of the World, especially in Southeast Asia, the largest producer of the crop. This study aimed to look at the ability of isolates from Malaysia, Colombia, and other regions to cross-infect Malaysian oil palm, durian, and cocoa and to develop specific biomarkers and assays for identification, detection, and diagnosis of P. palmivora as a key component for the oil palm biosecurity continuum in order to contain the disease especially at the ports of entry. We have developed specific molecular biomarkers to identify and detect Phytophthora palmivora using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time loop mediated isothermal amplification (rt-LAMP) in various sample types such as soil and plants. The limit of detection (DNA template, pure culture assay) for the PCR assay is 5.94 × 10−2 ng µl−1 and for rt-LAMP is 9.28 × 10−4 ng µl−1. Diagnosis using rt-LAMP can be achieved within 30 min of incubation. In addition, PCR primer pair AV3F/AV3R developed successfully distinguished the Colombian and Malaysian P. palmivora isolates.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Some data are provided in full in the result section of this paper. Sequences data created and analysed in this research are openly available from GenBank® (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) and the accession numbers for each data is available in the paper.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB), Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB), and CENIPALMA, for providing the isolates and materials for the study and our colleagues at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom and the Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysia for their help and support throughout the research. The study was carried out with the support from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Malaysia.
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The study was carried out with funding from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysia and the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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All authors contributed to the study and preparation of the manuscript. Study conception and design was done by MM and MD. Acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data was performed by MM, BA and MAZ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MM and was critically revised by MD. MAZ and BA contributed to design of some table and graphic. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Maizatul-Suriza, M., Dickinson, M., Al-Jaf, B. et al. Cross-pathogenicity of Phytophthora palmivora associated with bud rot disease of oil palm and development of biomarkers for detection. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 55 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03860-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03860-5