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Wetlands distribution in the agricultural-livestock core of the South American temperate pampas landscape. Approach from soil cartography

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Abstract

Expansion and intensification of agriculture are among the main factors of degradation and systematic loss of wetlands throughout the twentieth century. We analyze the potential occurrence of wetlands in the core area of the temperate Pampas region of South America, recognized for the quality of its pastures and the suitability of its soils for grain production. We mapped the spatial distribution of wetlands in the Province of Buenos Aires based on the analysis and classification of the local soil database at a scale of 1:50,000. Thus, 399 soil series were classified as hydric/non-hydric according to the scope of methods and criteria reviewed. Then we used this information to classify 2211 map units into five categories based on the percentage of hydric and non-hydric soil series: 1—hydric (100% hydric series); 2—predominantly hydric (66–99% hydric series); 3—partially hydric (33–65% hydric series); 4—predominantly non-hydric (1–32% hydric series); and 5—non-hydric (0% hydric series). We estimated wetlands cover about 35% of the province. Wetlands distribution is not uniform, we identified three main landscapes: terrestrial matrix with wetlands, mosaic of wetlands and non-wetlands, and mosaic dominated by wetland patches. Our results provide tools for land management in terms of strategies for a wise use of wetlands and their conservation. Our map shows high values of consistency with the occurrence of wetlands visually identified in high-resolution imagery (Google Earth platform). In such a highly agriculturized landscape, our results indicate a much larger wetland area compared to estimates made with optical remote sensing data classifications.

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Data availability

The datasets analysed during the current study are available in the INTA repositories: http://visor.geointa.inta.gob.ar/; https://anterior.inta.gov.ar/suelos/cartas/inde-.htm; http://sisinta.inta.gob.ar/es/series?filas=50.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Vanesa Alí Santoro and Irene Fabricante for their valuable help in the production of maps. We appreciate the helpful suggestions and enthusiasm of Tamara Sánchez and Mariano Pérez Safontas of the Ministry of Environment of the Buenos Aires Province. We would also like to thank the professors of the Pedology Chair of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum (National University of La Plata) for all the knowledge provided during the course, especially Laura Boff and Pablo Ontivero.

Funding

This work has been supported by the National Agency for Scientific and Technical Promotion of Argentina under Grants FONCyT MinCyT PICT-2019-0036, Federal Observatory for Socio-environmental Sustainability of Wetlands (PITES) EX-2021-24986500-APN-DDYGD#MCT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad (EHyS), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Soledad María Nomdedeu & Joaquín Orzanco

  2. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad (EHyS), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Patricia Kandus

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  1. Soledad María Nomdedeu
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  2. Joaquín Orzanco
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  3. Patricia Kandus
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Contributions

SN provided technical considerations of the soil database management, analyzed and integrated soil databases and developed maps tables and figures. JO edited and reviewed the different manuscript versions. PK set up the objectives and the initial version of the manuscript and performed data analysis of high-resolution imagery. All authors edited and reviewed the different manuscript versions and read and approved the final paper.

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Correspondence to Soledad María Nomdedeu.

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Nomdedeu, S.M., Orzanco, J. & Kandus, P. Wetlands distribution in the agricultural-livestock core of the South American temperate pampas landscape. Approach from soil cartography. Wetlands Ecol Manage 32, 229–248 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-023-09972-x

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