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A Novel Biodegradable Magnetically/Recyclable Cellulose-Based Adsorbent: Synthesis, Characterization, and Experimental Design Toward Cd(II) Removal

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Abstract

An explosive in industrial activities in recent decades highly polluted our environment, especially by releasing toxic heavy metals. Thus, intruding/developing highly effective adsorbents, especially biodegradable ones, for removing heavy metals has adopted great interest. A novel, eco–friendly, and sustainable adsorbent Fe3O4-SiO2-Quince seed mucilage (QSM) core-shell magnetic nanohybrid (FSQ) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. SEM images depicted a sticky bullet-like morphology. A specific surface area of FSQ was 2.28 m2/g, with a total volume of pores of 0.0076 cm3/g, and an average pore diameter of 13.3 nm. After the boosted removal efficiency against Cd(II) cations, the simultaneous interactions of the influencing variables were evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM) on a central composite design (CCD) approach. A good model was obtained by its F-value of 25.88 > F0.05, 14, 15 = 2.42, and its non-significant LOF (F-value of 2.96 < F0.05, 10, 5 = 4.74). The center point conditions were adsorbent dose: 0.7 g/L; pH: 5.5; CCd: 7 mg/L; and time: 55 min, while the optimal run conditions were adsorbent dose: 0.7 g/L; pH: 5.5; CCd: 3 mg/L; and contact time: 55 min. The process obeyed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetics, and a negative Gibbs free energy with a positive process entropy was also reached, indicative of a spontaneous process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 31186145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran

    Parastoo Ghahremani & Mohammad Hassan Vakili

  2. Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 31186145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran

    Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh

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  1. Parastoo Ghahremani
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Ghahremani, P., Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A. & Vakili, M.H. A Novel Biodegradable Magnetically/Recyclable Cellulose-Based Adsorbent: Synthesis, Characterization, and Experimental Design Toward Cd(II) Removal. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 158 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06176-0

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