Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Efficient Removal of Escherichia coli from Ballast Water Using a Combined High-Gradient Magnetic Separation-Ultraviolet Photocatalysis (HGMS-UV/TiO2) System

  • Published:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new synergistic method was proposed to remove Escherichia coli by using high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS)-ultraviolet titanium oxide photocatalysis (UV/TiO2). Compared with sole HGMS, UV radiation, UV/TiO2, and HGMS-UV, the combined HGMS-UV/TiO2 significantly increased the bacterial removal rate. After treatment of 6 min, bacterial removal rate for HGMS-UV/TiO2 was 5.25 log, and E. coli was unlikely to photoreactivate or dark repair. In addition, HGMS-UV/TiO2 treatment led to rapid increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, severe inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and massive leakages of intracellular K+ and protein, proving the process caused more damage to E. coli cell structure. For HGMS-UV/TiO2 treatment, seawater turbidity did not significantly affect the bacterial removal rate, and 10 mg L−1 humic acid could largely reduce the bacterial removal rate. Totally, the HGMS-UV/TiO2 could be effectively employed to treat ballast water with less organic matter. Despite the limitation, this novel method has many potential applications in the treatment of ballast water.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bustos, Y. A., Vaca, M., López, R., & Torres, L. G. (2010). Disinfection of a wastewater flow treated by advanced primary treatment using O3, UV and O3/UV combinations. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering, 45(13), 1715–1719.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X., Tian, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, H., et al. (2011). Surface modification of nano magnetic seeds and the aqueous absorbing properties. Science & Technology Review, 29(3), 57–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding, C. S., Qin, S. L., Zheng, Y. F., Miao, J., & Fu, J. (2010). Preparation and characterization of immobilized TiO2 and its photocatalytic activities. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 39(3), 431–436.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du, H., Zhang, X. F., Zhang, Z. T., et al. (2016). Input characteristics and risk analysis of ballast water in entry ships at China’s offshore sea area. Marine Science Bulletin, 35(1), 112–120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop, P. S. M., Byrne, J. A., Manga, N., & Eggins, B. R. (2002). The photocatalytic removal of bacterial pollutants from drinking water. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 148(1), 355–363.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haaken, D., Schmalz, V., Dittmar, T., et al. (2013). Limits of UV disinfection: UV/electrolysis hybrid technology as a promising alternative for direct reuse of biologically treated wastewater. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology, 62(7), 442–451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hebei Maritime Safety Administration of People’s Republic of China. (2015). Management and implementation of ballast water (pp. 1–124). Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horiuchi, S., Ishizaki, Y., Okuno, K., Ano, T., & Shoda, M. (2001). Drastic high magnetic field effect on suppression of Escherichia coli death. Bioelectrochemistry, 53(2), 149–153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, C., Guo, J., Qu, J., & Hu, X. (2007). Photocatalytic degradation of pathogenic bacteria with AgI/TiO2 under visible light irradiation. Langmuir, 23(9), 4982–4987.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, Y., Sunada, K., Iyoda, T., Hashimoto, K., & Fujishima, A. (1997). Photocatalytic bactericidal effect of TiO2 thin films: dynamic view of the active oxygen species responsible for the effect. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A Chemistry, 106(1), 51–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koivunen, J., & Heinonen-Tanski, H. (2005). Inactivation of enteric microorganisms with chemical disinfectants, UV irradiation and combined chemical/UV treatments. Water Research, 39(8), 1519–1526.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubacka, A., Muñoz-Batista, M. J., Ferrer, M., & Fernández-García, M. (2013). UV and visible light optimization of anatase TiO2 antimicrobial properties: Surface deposition of metal and oxide (Cu, Zn, Ag) species. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 140, 680–690.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao, X. S., Wang, X., Zhao, K. H., et al. (2007). Study on the influence of cyanobacterial growth by UV-C photocatalytic oxidation with nanometric TiO2. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 25(5), 457–461.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mamane, H., Shemer, H., & Linden, K. G. (2007). Inactivation of E. coli, B. subtilis spores, and MS2, T4, and T7 phage using UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 146(3), 479–486.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naik, K., Chatterjee, A., Prakash, H., et al. (2013). Mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles containing Ag ion with excellent antimicrobial activity at remarkable low silver concentrations. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 9(4), 664–673.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nebot, S. E., Salcedo, D. I., Andrade Balao, J. A., et al. (2007). Modelling of reactivation after UV disinfection: effect of UV-C dose on subsequent photoreactivation and dark repair. Water Research, 41(14), 3141–3151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stehouwer, P. P., van Slooten, C., & Peperzak, L. (2013). Microbial dynamics in acetate-enriched ballast water at different temperatures. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety, 96(6), 93–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, S., Ding, J., Bao, J., Gao, C., Qi, Z., & Li, C. (2010). Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous formaldehyde on TiO2: an in situ DRIFTS study. Catalysis Letters, 137, 239–246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, W., Li, Z., Wu, S. H., & Jia, S. Y. (2006). Application of magnetic separating technology in polluted water treatment. Journal of Magnetic Materials & Devices, 37(4), 6–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunada, K., Watanabe, T., & Hashimoto, K. (2003). Studies on photokilling of bacteria on TiO2 thin film. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A Chemistry, 156(1), 227–233.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sung-Suh, H. M., Choi, J. R., Hah, H. J., Koo, S. M., & Bae, Y. C. (2004). Comparison of Ag deposition effects on the photocatalytic activity of nanoparticulate TiO2 under visible and UV light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A Chemistry, 163(1), 37–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Z., Butkus, M. A., & Xie, Y. F. (2009). Enhanced performance of crumb rubber filtration for ballast water treatment. Chemosphere, 74(10), 1396–1399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tao, P., Xu, Y., Zhou, Y., Song, C., et al. (2017). Coal-based carbon membrane coupled with electrochemical oxidation process for the enhanced microalgae removal from simulated ballast water. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 228(11), 421.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (2010). Environmental Technology Verification Program (ETV) generic protocol for the verification of ballast water treatment technology, version version 5.1, Report number EPA/600/R-10/146. Washington, DC, USA.

  • Wang, G. S., Hsieh, S. T., & Hong, C. S. (2000). Destruction of humic acid in water by UV light-catalyzed oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Water Research, 34(15), 3882–3887.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, D., You, H., Jin, D., & Li, X. (2011). Enhanced inactivation of Escherichia coli with Ag-coated TiO2 thin film under UV-C irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A Chemistry, 217(1), 177–183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H., An, T. C., Li, G. Y., et al. (2010). Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of environmental pharmaceuticals in aqueous suspension of TiO2: a case of β-blockers. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179, 834–839.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ying, T. Y., Yiacoumi, S., & Tsouris, C. (2000). High-gradient magnetically seeded filtration. Chemical Engineering Science, 55(6), 1101–1113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, C. S., Zhang, K. F., & Li, D. Q. (2003). A test of treatment of slightly-polluted water using magnetic filter with high gradient. Industrial Water & Wastewater, 6, 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1404605), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51579049 and 51509044), and the High Tech Ship Program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150000, China

    Zheng Lu, Kun Zhang, Yue Shi, Yanli Huang & Xixi Wang

Authors
  1. Zheng Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kun Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yue Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yanli Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xixi Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yue Shi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lu, Z., Zhang, K., Shi, Y. et al. Efficient Removal of Escherichia coli from Ballast Water Using a Combined High-Gradient Magnetic Separation-Ultraviolet Photocatalysis (HGMS-UV/TiO2) System. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 243 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3902-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3902-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation