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Lumpy skin disease in cattle in Sharkia, Egypt: epidemiological and genetic characterization of the virus

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Abstract

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) continues to threaten the cattle industry in Egypt. This survey investigated the epidemiological risk factors and the genetic characterization of circulating strains by partial sequencing of the P32 gene on cattle farms in the Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Out of 600 cattle examined, morbidity, mortality, and case fatality were 31.2%, 1.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. Risk of LSD was higher among unvaccinated cattle kept outdoors compared to vaccinated cattle kept indoors, and the prevalence rates were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). Regarding seasonal distribution, the highest number of cases was in June and July, and the lowest was in November. The P32 gene sequences showed that two LSDV isolates were 100% identical and 99.26% identical with 2017 Russian LSDV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two local isolates in this study were grouped together with other LSDVs from Russia (Saratov), Kenya, Greece, and Israel. The sequences in the study and other Egyptian sequences were grouped into two clusters with low genetic divergence, indicating that different strains are spreading in Egypt and that LSDV is more genetically related to sheep poxviruses than goat poxviruses. Our study confirms the necessity of evaluating the vaccination strategy adopted in Egypt, and sequence analysis based on the P32 gene is appropriate for genetic epidemiological studies of the local LSDVs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2020/96), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

    Mahmoud M. Elhaig

  2. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Rafa Almeer & Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

  3. Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

Authors
  1. Mahmoud M. Elhaig
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  2. Rafa Almeer
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  3. Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
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Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, and formal analysis: M.M.E. Writing—original draft preparation: M.M.E. Writing—review and editing: M.M.E, R.A., and M.M.A. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mahmoud M. Elhaig.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

All animal and experimental procedures were approved confirmed by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine's Ethical Committee, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia, Egypt (approval number; 2021009).

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Elhaig, M.M., Almeer, R. & Abdel-Daim, M.M. Lumpy skin disease in cattle in Sharkia, Egypt: epidemiological and genetic characterization of the virus. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 287 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02711-5

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