Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) are biologically active compounds that have a very high commercial value due to their invaluable medicinal properties. However, the production level in in-vivo and in-vitro cultures remains low to meet the commercial demands. To overcome this problem, nano-elicitation has emerged as a novel and effective strategy which helps in enhancing the level of SMs production. The principle behind elicitation is that when external stress such as nanoparticles (NPs) is applied to the plant, the accumulation of SMs enhances in plant tissue cultures as a natural defense mechanism. In recent years, research on nano-elicitors using different types of NPs, especially metal oxide NPs (MONPs) has intensified due to enormous increase in medicinally important SMs. MONPs have gained special attention due to their unique physiochemical characteristics. In this review, we have explored the different routes of exposure of MONPs in plants as well as their role as novel elicitors of important classes of SMs (phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes). Moreover, the underlying mechanism of nano-elicitation and their uptake and translocation in plants have also been discussed. The review has been concluded with the knowledge gaps and future research direction, which if addressed will be helpful in solving the challenges of modern times.
Graphical abstract
Key message
Metal oxide nanoparticles play a vital role in activation of the defense mechanism of plants which in turn activate the enhanced production of secondary metabolites in in-vitro cultures of medicinally important plants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Abbasi BH, Zahir A, Ahmad W, Nadeem M, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Hano C (2019) Biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles-enhanced biosynthesis of lignans and neolignans in cell suspension cultures of Linum usitatissimum L. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 47:1367–1373. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1596942
Ahmad B, Shabbir A, Jaleel H, Khan MMA, Sadiq Y (2018) Efficacy of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in modulating photosynthesis, peltate glandular trichomes and essential oil production and quality in Mentha piperita L. Curr Plant Biol 13:6–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2018.04.002
Ahmad MA, Javed R, Adeel M, Rizwan M, Ao Q, Yang Y (2020) Engineered ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles ameliorate morphological and biochemical response in tissue culture regenerants of Candyleaf (Stevia rebaudiana). Molecules 25:1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061356
Al-Oubaidi MH, Jawad L (2021) Increasing some medical alkaloid compound for gooseberry physalis peruiviana using nano-copper oxide in vitro. Biochem Cell Archives https://connectjournals.com/03896.2021.21.4043
Albuquerque BR, Heleno SA, Oliveira MBPP, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR (2021) Phenolic compounds: current industrial applications, limitations and future challenges. Food Funct 12:14–29. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO02324H
Ali S, Mehmood A, Khan N (2021) Uptake, translocation, and consequences of nanomaterials on plant growth and stress adaptation. J Nanomater 2021:6677616. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677616
Anjum S, Anjum I, Hano C, Kousar S (2019) Advances in nanomaterials as novel elicitors of pharmacologically active plant specialized metabolites: current status and future outlooks. RSC Adv 9:40404–40423. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA08457F
Anjum S, Komal A, Abbasi BH, Hano C (2021) Nanoparticles as Elicitors of biologically active ingredients in plants. Nanatechnol Plant Growth Promot Prot Recent Adv Impacts. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119745884.ch9
Asadi A, Cheniany M (2022) Enhancing effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth, phenolic metabolites production and antioxidant potential of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Russ J Plant Physiol 69:74. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443722040021
Asadollahei MV, Tabatabaeian J, Yousefifard M, Mahdavi SME, Nekonam MS (2023) Impact of elicitors on essential oil compositions and phytochemical constituents in Lavandula stoechas L. Plant Physiol Biochem 194:722–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.019
Asgari-Targhi G, Iranbakhsh A, Oraghi Ardebili Z, Hatami Tooski A (2021) Synthesis and characterization of chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite and its biological assessment in pepper (Capsicum annuum) as an elicitor for in vitro tissue culture applications. Int J Biol Macromol 189:170–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.117
Ashraf MA, Iqbal M, Rasheed R, Hussain I, Riaz M, Arif MS, Ahmad P, Ahanger MA, Singh VP et al (2018) Plant Metabolites and Regulation Under Environmental Stress. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp 153–167
Ashwell M (2015) Stevia, nature’s zero-calorie sustainable sweetener: a new player in the fight against obesity. J Nutr today 50:129. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000094
Asl KR, Hosseini B, Sharafi A, Palazon J (2019) Influence of nano-zinc oxide on tropane alkaloid production, h6h gene transcription and antioxidant enzyme activity in Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. hairy roots. Eng Life Sci 19:73–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201800087
Bhardwaj P, Goswami N, Narula P, Jain CK, Mathur A (2018) Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) mediated regulation of bacosides biosynthesis and transcriptional correlation of HMG-CoA reductase gene in suspension culture of Bacopa monnieri. Plant Physiol Biochem 130:148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.001
Bhattacharya A (2019) Chap. 5-High-Temperature Stress and Metabolism of Secondary Metabolites in Plants. In: Bhattacharya A (ed) Effect of High Temperature on Crop Productivity and Metabolism of Macro Molecules. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp 391–484
Chamani E, Karimi Ghalehtaki S, Mohebodini M, Ghanbari A (2015) The effect of zinc oxide nano particles and humic acid on morphological characters and secondary metabolite production in Lilium ledebourii Bioss. Iran J Genet Plant Breed 4:11–19
Chung I-M, Rekha K, Rajakumar G, Thiruvengadam M (2018) Production of bioactive compounds and gene expression alterations in hairy root cultures of chinese cabbage elicited by copper oxide nanoparticles. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture (PCTOC) 134:95–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1402-0
Chung I-M, Rajakumar G, Subramanian U, Venkidasamy B, Thiruvengadam M (2019) Impact of copper oxide nanoparticles on enhancement of bioactive compounds using cell suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. Appl Sci 9:2165. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102165
Chutipaijit S, Sutjaritvorakul T (2020) Enhancements of growth and metabolites of indica rice callus (Oryza sativa L. cv. pathumthani1) using TiO2 nanoparticles (NANO-TiO2). Digest J Nanomaterials Biostructures 15:483–489. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/aaf1af
Dey P, Das N (2013) Carbon Nanotubes: it’s role in modern health care. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 5:9–13
Dey A, Kundu S, Bandyopadhyay A, Bhattacharjee A (2013) Efficient micropropagation and chlorocholine chloride induced stevioside production of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. CR Biol 336:17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2012.11.007s
Du W, Sun Y, Ji R, Zhu J, Wu J, Guo H (2011) TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil. J Environ Monit 13:822–828. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EM00611D
Fazeli-Nasab B, Sirousmehr A-R, Azad H (2018) Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on essential oil quantity and quality in Thymus vulgaris under water deficit. J Med Plants By-prod 7:125–133. https://doi.org/10.22092/jmpb.2018.118140
Garcia-Brugger A, Lamotte O, Vandelle E, Bourque S, Lecourieux D, Poinssot B, Wendehenne D, Pugin A (2006) Early signaling events induced by elicitors of plant defenses. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19:711–724. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-19-0711
Ghorbanpour M, Hadian J (2015) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes stimulate callus induction, secondary metabolites biosynthesis and antioxidant capacity in medicinal plant Satureja khuzestanica grown in vitro. Carbon 94:749–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.07.056
Ghourbanpour M, Hatami M, Hatami M (2015) Activating antioxidant enzymes, hyoscyamine and scopolamine biosynthesis of Hyoscyamus niger L. plants with nano-sized titanium dioxide and bulk application. Acta Agric Slov 105:23–32. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2015.105.1.03
Gohari G, Mohammadi A, Akbari A, Panahirad S, Dadpour MR, Fotopoulos V, Kimura S (2020) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) promote growth and ameliorate salinity stress effects on essential oil profile and biochemical attributes of Dracocephalum moldavica. Sci Rep 10:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57794-1
Gonçalves S, Mansinhos I, Rodríguez-Solana R, Pereira-Caro G, Moreno-Rojas JM, Romano A (2021) Impact of metallic nanoparticles on in vitro culture, phenolic profile and biological activity of two Mediterranean Lamiaceae species: Lavandula viridis L’Hér and Thymus lotocephalus G. López and R. Morales. Molecules 26:6427. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216427
Halder M, Sarkar S, Jha S (2019) Elicitation: a biotechnological tool for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in hairy root cultures. Eng Life Sci 19:880–895. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201900058
Hatami M, Kariman K, Ghorbanpour M (2016) Engineered nanomaterial-mediated changes in the metabolism of terrestrial plants. Sci Total Environ 571:275–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.184
Hatami M, Naghdi Badi H, Ghorbanpour M (2019) Nano-elicitation of secondary pharmaceutical metabolites in plant cells: a review. J Med Plants 18:6–36. https://doi.org/10.29252/jmp.3.71.6
Hedayati A, Hosseini B, Palazon J, Maleki R (2020) Improved tropane alkaloid production and changes in gene expression in hairy root cultures of two Hyoscyamus species elicited by silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Plant Physiol Biochem 155:416–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.029
Hedayati A, Naseri F, Nourozi E, Hosseini B, Honari H, Hemmaty S (2022) Response of Saponaria officinalis L. hairy roots to the application of TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of production of valuable polyphenolic compounds and SO6 protein. Plant Physiol Biochem 178:80–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.001
Iqbal Z, Javad S, Naz S, Shah AA, Shah AN, Paray BA, Gulnaz A, Abdelsalam NR (2022) Elicitation of the in vitro cultures of selected varieties of Vigna radiata L. with zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles for enhanced phytochemicals production. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.908532
Jahangeer M, Fatima R, Ashiq M, Basharat A, Qamar SA, Bilal M, Iqbal H (2021) Therapeutic and biomedical potentialities of terpenoids—a review. J Pure Appl Microbiol 15:471–483. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.15.2.04
Javed R, Usman M, Yücesan B, Zia M, Gürel E (2017) Effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on physiology and steviol glycosides production in micropropagated shoots of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Plant Physiol Biochem 110:94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.032
Javed R, Yucesan B, Zia M, Gurel E (2018) Elicitation of secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni grown under ZnO and CuO nanoparticles stress. Sugar Tech 20:194–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-017-0539-1
Jones ME (1953) Albrecht Kossel, a biographical sketch. Yale J biology Med 26:80–97
Karimi N, Behbahani M, Dini G, Razmjou A (2018) Enhancing the secondary metabolite and anticancer activity of Echinacea purpurea callus extracts bytreatment with biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles. Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol 9:045009
Khan AK, Kousar S, Tungmunnithum D, Hano C, Abbasi BH, Anjum S (2021a) Nano-elicitation as an effective and emerging strategy for in vitro production of industrially important flavonoids. Appl Sci 11:1694. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041694
Khan AU, Khan T, Khan MA, Nadhman A, Aasim M, Khan NZ, Ali W, Nazir N, Zahoor M (2021b) Iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles-triggered elicitation of important phenolic compounds in cell cultures of Fagonia indica. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 147:287–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02123-1
Li Y, Sun M, Liu Y, Liang J, Wang T, Zhang Z (2019) Gymnemic Acid alleviates type 2 diabetes Mellitus and suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo and in Vitro. J Agric Food Chem 67:3662–3669. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00431
Lin D, Xing B (2008) Root uptake and phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 42:5580–5585. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800422x
Lin D, Xiao M, Zhao J, Li Z, Xing B, Li X, Kong M, Li L, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chen H, Qin W, Wu H, Chen S (2016) An overview of plant phenolic compounds and their importance in human nutrition and management of type 2 diabetes. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101374
Lv J, Zhang S, Luo L, Zhang J, Yang K, Christie P (2015) Accumulation, speciation and uptake pathway of ZnO nanoparticles in maize. Environ Science: Nano 2:68–77. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EN00064A
Ma C, White JC, Dhankher OP, Xing B (2015) Metal-based nanotoxicity and detoxification pathways in higher plants. Environ Sci Technol 49:7109–7122. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00685
Marchiol L, Mattiello A, Pošćić F, Giordano C, Musetti R (2014) In vivo synthesis of nanomaterials in plants: location of silver nanoparticles and plant metabolism. Nanoscale Res Lett 9:101. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-101
Marslin G, Sheeba CJ, Franklin G (2017) Nanoparticles alter secondary metabolism in plants via ROS Burst. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00832
Modarresi M, Chahardoli A, Karimi N, Chahardoli S (2020) Variations of glaucine, quercetin and kaempferol contents in Nigella arvensis against Al2O3, NiO, and TiO2 nanoparticles. Heliyon 6:e04265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04265
Moharrami F, Hosseini B, Sharafi A, Farjaminezhad M (2017) Enhanced production of hyoscyamine and scopolamine from genetically transformed root culture of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. elicited by iron oxide nanoparticles. Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 53:104–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-017-9802-0
Mosavat N, Golkar P, Yousefifard M, Javed R (2019) Modulation of callus growth and secondary metabolites in different Thymus species and Zataria multiflora micropropagated under ZnO nanoparticles stress. Biotechnol Appl Chem 66:316–322. https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.1727
Nair R, Varghese SH, Nair BG, Maekawa T, Yoshida Y, Kumar DS (2010) Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants. Plant Sci 179:154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.04.012
Namdeo AG (2007) Plant cell elicitation for production of secondary metabolites: a review. Pharmacogn Rev 1:69–79
Narayani M, Srivastava S (2017) Elicitation: a stimulation of stress in in vitro plant cell/tissue cultures for enhancement of secondary metabolite production. Phytochem Rev 16:1227–1252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-017-9534-0
Nazir S, Jan H, Zaman G, Khan T, Ashraf H, Meer B, Zia M, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH (2021) Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumulation, antioxidants biosynthesis and abiotic elicitation of bioactive compounds in callus cultures of Ocimum basilicum. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 49:625–633. Thai basilhttps://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2021.1984935
Nekoukhou M, Fallah S, Abbasi-Surki A, Pokhrel LR, Rostamnejadi A (2022) Improved efficacy of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on zinc biofortification, primary productivity and secondary metabolite production in dragonhead. J Clean Prod 379:134803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134803
Nekoukhou M, Fallah S, Pokhrel LR, Abbasi-Surki A, Rostamnejadi A (2023) Foliar enrichment of copper oxide nanoparticles promotes biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and commercially valuable secondary metabolites and essential oils in dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under semi-arid conditions. Sci Total Environ 863:160920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160920
Oloumi H, Soltaninejad R, Baghizadeh A (2015) The comparative effects of nano and bulk size particles of CuO and ZnO on glycyrrhizin and phenolic compounds contents in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. seedlings. Indian J Plant Physiol 20:157–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-015-0143-x
Patel KV, Nath M, Bhatt MD, Dobriyal AK, Bhatt D (2020) Nanofomulation of zinc oxide and chitosan zinc sustain oxidative stress and alter secondary metabolite profile in tobacco. 3 Biotech 10:477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02469-x
Poornananda MN, Jameel MAK (2016) Abiotic and biotic elicitors-role in secondary metabolites production through in vitro culture of medicinal plants. In: Arun KS, Chitra S (eds) Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants. IntechOpen, Rijeka
Raigond P, Raigond B, Kaundal B, Singh B, Joshi A, Dutt S (2017) Effect of zinc nanoparticles on antioxidative system of potato plants. J Environ Biol 38:435. https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/38/3/MS-209
Ramirez-Estrada K, Vidal-Limon H, Hidalgo D, Moyano E, Golenioswki M, Cusidó RM, Palazon J (2016) Elicitation, an effective strategy for the Biotechnological production of bioactive high-added value compounds in plant cell factories. Molecules 21:182. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21020182
Randhir R, Lin Y-T, Shetty K (2004) Stimulation of phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in dark germinated mung bean sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Process Biochem 39:637–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00197-3
Rezaizad MS, Abbaspour H, Hashemi-Moghaddam H, Gerami M, Ramezani M (2021) Photocatalytic activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2) on the physiological and Phytochemical Properties of Stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). Bertoni] J Med plants By-products 10:169–177. https://doi.org/10.22092/jmpb.2020.342676.1205
Rivero-Montejo SdJ, Vargas-Hernandez M, Torres-Pacheco I (2021) Nanoparticles as novel elicitors to improve bioactive compounds in plants. Agriculture 11:134. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020134
Salih AM, Al-Qurainy F, Khan S, Tarroum M, Nadeem M, Shaikhaldein HO, Gaafar A-RZ, Alfarraj NS (2021) Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera and their effect on biomass and phytochemical compounds in Juniperus procera. Sci Rep 11:19136. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98607-3
Sarkar J, Chakraborty N, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharjee A, Dasgupta D, Acharya K (2020) Green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles ameliorate defence and antioxidant enzymes in Lens culinaris. Nanomaterials 10:312. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020312
Satti SH, Raja NI, Ikram M, Oraby HF, Mashwani Z-U-R, Mohamed AH, Singh A, Omar AA (2022) Plant-based titanium dioxide nanoparticles trigger biochemical and proteome modifications in Triticum aestivum L. under biotic stress of Puccinia striiformis. Molecules 27:4274. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134274
Sharifi-Rad R, Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi S, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Gholami M (2020) The effect of non-biological elicitors on physiological and biochemical properties of medicinal plant Momordica charantia L. Iran J Sci Technol Trans A: Sci 44:1315–1326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-00939-8
Sheikhalipour M, Esmaielpour B, Gohari G, Haghighi M, Jafari H, Farhadi H, Kulak M, Kalisz A (2021) Salt stress mitigation via the foliar application of chitosan-functionalized selenium and anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Molecules 26:4090. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134090
Shenavaie Zare A, Ganjeali A, Vaezi Kakhki MR, Cheniany M, Mashreghi M (2022) Plant elicitation and TiO2 nanoparticles application as an effective strategy for improving the growth, biochemical properties, and essential oil of peppermint. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 28:1391–1406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01215-2
Shoja AA, Çirak C, Ganjeali A, Cheniany M (2022) Stimulation of phenolic compounds accumulation and antioxidant activity in in vitro culture of Salvia tebesana Bunge in response to nano-TiO2 and methyl jasmonate elicitors. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult (PCTOC) 149:423–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02251-2
Siddiqui ZA, Khan MR, AbdAllah EF, Parveen A (2019) Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles affect some bacterial diseases, and growth and physiological changes of beetroot. Int J Veg Sci 25:409–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2018.1523267
Singh OS, Pant NC, Laishram L, Tewari M, Dhoundiyal R, Joshi K, Pandey C (2018) Effect of CuO nanoparticles on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7:3433–3439
Tabarifard M, Cheniany M, Khalilian-movahhed M (2023) Artificial neural network prediction and comparative evaluation of pharmaceutical important flavones and antioxidant compositions in Teucrium polium callus culture elicited with methyl jasmonate and TiO2 nanoparticles. Res Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2396091/v1
Tariverdizadeh N, Mohebodini M, Chamani E, Ebadi A (2021) Iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles: an efficient elicitor to enhance trigonelline alkaloid production in hairy roots of fenugreek. Ind Crops Prod 162:113240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113240
Teoh ES (2015) Secondary metabolites of plants. Med Orchids Asia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24274-3_5
Tholl D (2015) Biosynthesis and biological functions of terpenoids in plants. Biotechnol isoprenoids. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2014_295
Toffolatti SL, Maddalena G, Passera A, Casati P, Bianco PA, Quaglino F (2021) 16 - Role of terpenes in plant defense to biotic stress. In: Jogaiah S (ed) Biocontrol Agents and Secondary Metabolites. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, pp 401–417
Tripathi DK, Singh S, Singh VP, Prasad SM, Dubey NK, Chauhan DK (2017) Silicon nanoparticles more effectively alleviated UV-B stress than silicon in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 110:70–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.026
Ullah A, Munir S, Badshah SL, Khan N, Ghani L, Poulson BG, Emwas A-H, Jaremko M (2020) Important flavonoids and their role as a therapeutic agent. Molecules 25:5243. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225243
Velázquez-Gamboa MC, Rodríguez-Hernández L, Abud-Archila M, Gutiérrez-Miceli FA, González-Mendoza D, Valdez-Salas B, González-Terreros E, Luján-Hidalgo MC (2021) Agronomic biofortification of Stevia rebaudiana with zinc oxide (ZnO) phytonanoparticles and antioxidant compounds. Sugar Tech 23:453–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00897-w
Velderrain-Rodríguez GR, Palafox-Carlos H, Wall-Medrano A, Ayala-Zavala JF, Chen CYO, Robles-Sánchez M, Astiazaran-García H, Alvarez-Parrilla E, González-Aguilar GA (2014) Phenolic compounds: their journey after intake. Food Funct 5:189–197. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3FO60361J
Wani KI, Choudhary S, Zehra A, Naeem M, Weathers P, Aftab T (2021) Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches. Planta 254:29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03676-3
Yarizade K, Hosseini R (2015) Expression analysis of ADS, DBR2, ALDH1 and SQS genes Artemisia vulgaris hairy root culture under nano cobalt and nano zinc elicitation. Ext J App Sci 3:69
Zhang B, Zheng LP, Wang JW (2012) Nitric oxide elicitation for secondary metabolite production in cultured plant cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93:455–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3658-8
Funding
The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors declare there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Communicated by Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Inam, M., Attique, I., Zahra, M. et al. Metal oxide nanoparticles and plant secondary metabolism: unraveling the game-changer nano-elicitors. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 155, 327–344 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02587-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02587-3