Abstract
Dalbergia nigra is an endangered species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, and in vitro propagation can be applied for its conservation. The aim of this study was to establish in vitro propagation and ex vitro rooting in D. nigra and evaluate the alterations in polyamines (PAs) and protein profiles during shoot development. The effects of MS and WPM culture media on in vitro germination were tested. For shoot induction, explants of apical and cotyledonary nodal segments from 45 day-old seedlings were inoculated in WPM culture medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA; 0, 2.5 and 5 µM). Shoots obtained in vitro without and with 2.5 µM BA were rooted ex vitro with different concentrations (0, 100 and 500 µM) of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The seedlings grew best in WPM culture medium. Treatment with 2.5 µM BA significantly increased the shoot length by increasing free putrescine contents and the accumulation of proteins associated with shoot elongation, such as aspartate aminotransferase, elongation factor, calreticulin-3, and cell division cycle protein 48. Ex vitro rooting was obtained in all treatments, and the use of auxin was not necessary. The BA used for shoot multiplication significantly affected rooting, reducing the induction and number of roots but increasing their length. This study showed the relevance of cytokinin, PAs and proteomic profiles to in vitro shoot development, as well as the auxin and cytokinin balance to ex vitro rooting in D. nigra.
Key message
BA significantly affected shoot multiplication and rooting and induced changes in PAs and proteomic profiles during micropropagation of Dalbergia nigra.
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Data availability
The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD031999. All identified proteins are listed in the supplementary material.
Code availability
PXD031999.
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
Benzyladenine
- CDC48:
-
Cell division cycle protein 48 homolog
- DAPs:
-
Differentially accumulated proteins
- DTT:
-
Dithiothreitol
- FDR:
-
False discovery rate
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and skoog
- mtCS:
-
Citrate synthase mitochondrial
- PA:
-
Polyamines
- PGR:
-
Plant growth regulator
- Put:
-
Putrescine
- TCA:
-
Trichloroacetic acid
- Spd:
-
Spermidine
- Spm:
-
Spermine
- WPM:
-
Woody plant medium
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) for funding. This study was also financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. LSP, TRO, VPMA and KRS are thankful for the scholarship funding provided by FAPERJ.
Funding
This research was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (444453/2014-8; 309303/2019-2) and the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (E26/202.969/2016; E26/202.533/2019). This study was also financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. The authors declare they have no financial interests.
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LPS and CSC conceived the study, designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. LSP was responsible for the in vitro culture of shoots and ex vitro rooting experiments and performed the statistical analyses. LSP and VPMA were responsible for PA analyses. LSP, TRO and VS were responsible for the proteomic analyses. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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11240_2022_2332_MOESM1_ESM.png
Supplementary file1 (PNG 1463 kb)—Protein–protein interaction network of all identified proteins in 45-day-old shoots of Dalbergia nigra obtained from apical nodal segments grown under 2.5 µM BA compared to those grown without BA (BA2.5_Apical/BA0_Apical comparison). Green circles refer to down-accumulated proteins. Red circles refer to up-accumulated proteins. Gray circles refer to unchanged proteins. Pink circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from apical nodal segments incubated without BA (BA0_Apical). Blue circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from apical nodal segments incubated with 2.5 µM BA (BA2.5_Apical). The analysis was performed using Arachis hypogea orthologs identified by STRING using Cytoscape.
11240_2022_2332_MOESM2_ESM.png
Supplementary file2 (PNG 1457 kb)—Protein–protein interaction network of all identified proteins in 45-day-old shoots of Dalbergia nigra obtained from cotyledonary nodal segments grown under 2.5 µM BA compared to those grown without BA (BA2.5_Cotyledonary/BA0_Cotyledonary comparison). Green circles refer to down-accumulated proteins. Red circles refer to up-accumulated proteins. Gray circles refer to unchanged proteins. Pink circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from cotyledonary nodal segments incubated without BA (BA0_Cotyledonary). Blue circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from cotyledonary nodal segments incubated with 2.5 µM BA (BA2.5_Cotyledonary). The analysis was performed using Arachis hypogea orthologs identified by STRING using Cytoscape.
11240_2022_2332_MOESM3_ESM.png
Supplementary file3 (PNG 1109 kb)—Protein–protein interaction network of all identified proteins in 45-day-old shoots of Dalbergia nigra obtained from cotyledonary nodal segments compared to apical nodal segments grown under 2.5 µM BA (BA2.5_Cotyledonary/BA2.5_Apical comparison). Green circles refer to down-accumulated proteins. Red circles refer to up-accumulated proteins. Gray circles refer to unchanged proteins. Pink circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from apical nodal segments incubated with 2.5 µM BA (BA2.5_Apical). Blue circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from cotyledonary nodal segments incubated with 2.5 µM BA (BA2.5_Cotyledonary). The analysis was performed using Arachis hypogea orthologs identified by STRING using Cytoscape.
11240_2022_2332_MOESM4_ESM.png
Supplementary file4 (PNG 1588 kb)—Protein–protein interaction network of all identified proteins in 45-day-old shoots of Dalbergia nigra obtained from cotyledonary nodal segments compared to apical nodal segments grown without BA (BA0_Cotyledonary/BA0_Apical comparison). Green circles refer to down-accumulated proteins. Red circles refer to up-accumulated proteins. Gray circles refer to unchanged proteins. Pink circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from apical nodal segments incubated without BA (BA0_Apical). Blue circles refer to unique proteins in shoots from cotyledonary nodal segments incubated without BA (BA0_Cotyledonary). The analysis was performed using Arachis hypogea orthologs identified by STRING using Cytoscape.
11240_2022_2332_MOESM5_ESM.xlsx
Supplementary file5 (XLSX 600 kb)—Complete list of all identified proteins in 45-day-old shoots of Dalbergia nigra obtained from apical and cotyledonary nodal segments used as explants and the benzyladenine (BA) concentrations, comparing the effect of BA concentration in the same explant (BA2.5_Apical/BA0_Apical and BA2.5_Cotyledonary/BA0_Cotyledonary comparisons) and the effect of explant (apical and cotyledonary) on the same BA concentration (BA2.5_Cotyledonary/BA2.5_Apical and BA0_Cotyledonary/BA0_Apical comparisons).
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Pessanha, L.d.S., Aragão, V.P.M., de Oliveira, T.d.R. et al. Benzyladenine affects polyamine contents and proteomic profiles during in vitro shoot development and ex vitro rooting in Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth. (Fabaceae). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 151, 75–92 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02332-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02332-2