Abstract
The present study describes a new regeneration system based on somatic embryogenesis from mature endosperm Passiflora cincinnata Mast. cultures. Moreover, the morpho-agronomic and phenological traits, as well as enzymatic activity of regenerated triploid emblings are compared to those of diploids. Mature endosperms were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various concentrations (4.5–45.2 µM) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). No plant growth regulators were included in the control group. Embryogenic calli were observed only in treatments supplemented with 13.6 and 18.1 µM 2,4-D + 4.5 µM BA, with the highest number of somatic embryos per explant and regenerated plants (emblings) obtained with 18.1 µM 2,4-D. Most emblings (70%) were triploid (2n = 3x = 27), with a DNA amount (4.38 pg) similar to that of endosperm and 1.5 times greater than in diploid P. cincinnata seedlings (2n = 2x = 18), that contained 2.98 pg of DNA. While the number of organs and/or structures was akin to that in diploids, triploid emblings generally exhibited larger and longer vegetative and floral structures. The flower lifespan was also slightly altered by triploidy, nectar concentration was 27% higher, and the activity of plant defense enzymes β-1,3-glucanase and polyphenol oxidase was 29.8% and 22.1% higher. This study describes a new regeneration system for the production of phenotypic variants of this ornamental passion fruit species, opening new perspectives for future studies on genetic passion fruit breeding.
Key message
Mature endosperms of Passiflora cincinnata display high embryogenic competence when cultivated in an auxin-rich induction medium and the regenerated triploid emblings are morphologically distinct from their diploid counterparts.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso (FAPEMAT) (Cuiabá, MT); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001; and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (420913/2018-1). We also thank the CNPq for granting a scholarship to MM (DCR-314905/2018-9). We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.
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This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso (FAPEMAT) (Cuiabá, MT), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) (Belo Horizonte, MG; Grants APQ-00772–19 and APQ-02581-21), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Brasília, DF; Finance Code 001), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Brasília, DF; Grant 420913/2018–1).
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MLS, DIR, and MDM designed the study; MDM and CSS established embryonic cultures; MM performed statistical analyses; ACR, EMM, SMS, and LFV performed cytogenetics and flow cytometry analyses; MDM, CSS, and DIR performed morphometric evaluations; IFC and MDM carried out enzymatic analyses; MDM, DIR, MLS, and WCO wrote the manuscript; MM, IFC, ACR, SMS, and LFV revised the final version of the manuscript.
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Machado, M.D., Souza, C.S., Machado, M. et al. Novel avenues for passion fruit in vitro regeneration from endosperm culture, and morpho-agronomic and physiological traits of triploid Passiflora cincinnata Mast. emblings. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 150, 637–650 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02318-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02318-0