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Populus euphratica J3 mediates root K+/Na+ homeostasis by activating plasma membrane H+-ATPase in transgenic Arabidopsis under NaCl salinity

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Abstract

NaCl induced PeJ3 (a DnaJ homolog) expression in Populus euphratica cell cultures. In contrast, salt treatment inhibited transcription of a J3-interacting protein kinase gene, PePKS5 (Salt Overly Sensitive 2-Like Protein Kinase 5). To clarify the mechanism by which PeJ3 conferred salinity tolerance, we isolated PeJ3 from P. euphratica and transformed it into Arabidopsis. PeJ3 overexpression inhibited AtPKS5 expression, but had no effect on AtJ3 transcripts. After 10-day exposures to 100 mM NaCl, PeJ3-transgenic lines showed prolonged survival (40–54.4%) and longer roots (43.8–51.1%) compared to wild-type (WT) and vector control (VC) plants. The observed differences in salt acclimation between transgenic and WT depended on their ability to exclude Na+ and maintain intracellular K+. PeJ3-transgenic Arabidopsis accumulated less Na+ in root cells, due at least in part, to the high Na+ efflux in roots. K+ flux recordings revealed that PeJ3-transgenic lines lost less K+ than WT and VC under salt stress. In vitro and in vivo activity assays revealed that PeJ3-overexpression upregulated plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and enhanced H2O2 signaling in salt-stressed Arabidopsis. Consequently, PeJ3-transgenic plants retained high H+-pumping activity under NaCl salinity, which contributed to K+/Na+ homeostasis in roots. In conclusion, PeJ3 overexpression resulted in H+-ATPase activation through transcriptional AtPKS5 suppression and/or interactions with AtPKS5 kinase. Under salinity stress, upregulated H+-pumps (i) promoted Na+/H+ exchange across the Arabidopsis plasma membrane, (ii) reduced K+ efflux mediated by depolarization-activated plasma membrane channels, and (iii) stimulated H2O2 signaling, which increased cytosolic free Ca2+ and stimulated Na+ extrusion through Salt Overly Sensitive signaling in Arabidopsis.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported jointly by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2017ZY07), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31570587 and 31270654), the Research Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 113013A), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 6172024), the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111 Project, Grant No. B13007), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in University (Grant No. IRT13047).

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  1. Yinan Zhang, Yang Wang, and Gang Sa have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology (Box 162), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Yinan Zhang, Yang Wang, Gang Sa, Yuhong Zhang, Jiayin Deng, Shurong Deng, Meijuan Wang, Huilong Zhang, Jun Yao, Rui Zhao, Xiaoyang Zhou, Cunfu Lu, Shanzhi Lin & Shaoliang Chen

  2. Department of life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, 273155, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Xiuying Ma

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  1. Yinan Zhang
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Contributions

Y-NZ, YW, and SC conceived the original screening and research plans; SC, CL, SL, and RZ supervised the experiments; Y-NZ, YW, GS, Y-HZ, and JD performed most of the experiments; SD, MW, HZ, JY, XM, RZ, and XZ provided technical assistance to Y-NZ, YW, GS, Y-HZ, JD; Y-NZ and YW analyzed the experimental data; Y-NZ wrote the article and SC supervised the writing. All coauthors agreed and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shaoliang Chen.

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Communicated by Henryk Flachowsky.

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Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Sa, G. et al. Populus euphratica J3 mediates root K+/Na+ homeostasis by activating plasma membrane H+-ATPase in transgenic Arabidopsis under NaCl salinity. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 131, 75–88 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1263-y

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