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Wavelet Analysis of Forbush Decreases at High-Latitude Stations During Geomagnetic Disturbances

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A Correction to this article was published on 20 May 2022

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Abstract

We analyzed the behavior of Cosmic-Ray (CR) intensity during five geomagnetic events over 9-day periods of varying disturbance, using ground-based CR measurements from the Bartol Research Institute neutron-monitor program that occurred on 25th October – 2nd November 2003, 23rd – 31st July 2004, 13th – 21st May 2005, 13th – 21st Mar 2015, and 19th – 27th June 2015. A nine-day time frame gives us a reasonable time interval for data analysis before, during, and after the main event(s). These events have been deliberately chosen, intending to track Forbush Decreases (FDs) at high-latitude stations following geomagnetic storms of different intensity and duration from the perspectives of their origin and geoeffectiveness. FDs are observed when the magnetic fields entangled in and around a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) exert a deflecting effect on galactic cosmic radiation, resulting in a sudden reduction in their intensities. The results revealed that the CR intensity dropped by 4 – 17% in the chosen events. The FDs examined were not typical, with multistage decrement during the event period. Furthermore, we have used the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) technique to detect a singularity on the CR intensity at the stations described. The first three decomposition levels have proved sufficient to isolate the transients in CR intensity in conjunction with varying nature and intensities, ranging from intense to superintense geomagnetic storms to a high-intensity long-duration continuous auroral electrojet activity (HILDCAA) event. Finally, the findings of the detrended crosscorrelation technique showed a good association of percentage decrease in cosmic-ray intensity with the Dst index during the process. No noticeable lag has been found between the parameters discussed, which indicates a strong correlation between the IMF-Bz and the Dst index and the FD.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Change history

  • 25 May 2022

    The original online version of this article was revised: Table 1 was replaced and a typographical error corrected.

  • 20 May 2022

    A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-022-02000-w

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Acknowledgment

Geomagnetic index Dst and solar-wind parameter IMF-Bz data were obtained from the OMNI (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/) site. In addition, cosmic-ray intensity data of five different high-latitude stations, corrected for pressure and efficiency, were downloaded from the Bartol Research Institute Neutron Monitor Data site, supported by the National Science Foundation (http://neutronm.bartol.udel.edu/). We want to thank staff members of NASA and the Bartol Research Institute for making the data available.

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  1. Department of Physics, St. Xavier’s College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Roshan Kumar Mishra, Rabin Baral, Binod Adhikari & Priyanka Kumari Das

  2. Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA

    Ashok Silwal & Sujan Prasad Gautam

  3. Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur, Nepal

    Binod Adhikari

  4. George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA

    Carlos Roberto Braga

  5. The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy

    Yenca Migoya-Orue

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The original online version of this article was revised: Table 1 was replaced and a typographical error corrected.

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Mishra, R.K., Silwal, A., Baral, R. et al. Wavelet Analysis of Forbush Decreases at High-Latitude Stations During Geomagnetic Disturbances. Sol Phys 297, 26 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-022-01948-z

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