Within the framework of the available theories, the initiation of plastic shear and nucleation cracks in perfect crystals is possible only at a deforming stress close to the theoretical strength. It is shown that a perfect crystal, treated as an open system of nuclei and electrons, loses its stability at applied stresses that are orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretical strength. This helps avoiding the use of the concept of various types of defects present in the bulk and in the surface layer of the crystal. The physical reason for the instability is the excitation of dynamic displacements determined by nonadiabatic transitions of Landau-Zener atoms between the intersecting potential energy surfaces in open nonequilibrium systems. A qualitative explanation of the experimentally observed results is given.
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Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 76–80, August, 2022.
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Khon, Y.A. Theoretical and Real Strength of Crystals: Physical Reason for the Difference. Russ Phys J 65, 1318–1322 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-023-02768-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-023-02768-9