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Lifelong learning and learning to learn: An enabler of new voices for the new times

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Abstract

Over the last two decades, there have been numerous attempts to review and re-examine whether conventional learning and teaching approaches are still useful or relevant. Lifelong learning institutions have grown in number and scope, and now fulfil a significant function in bridging the gap between what traditional formal education systems provide and what the rapidly changing labour market requires. Lifelong learning is a mode of seamless learning, whereby informal and experiential learning acquired in various settings can be converted to recognised learning, thereby helping to systematise the various learning experiences into knowledge formation, knowledge building and knowledge creation. This paper analyses certain features of the 21st century such as the knowledge economy, diversity and plurality, and equity. Communities now need to provide more opportunities for everyone to learn for their individual needs, especially when societal changes are happening at a fast pace and in an unpredictable manner. Anticipatory learning for the unknown will become a significant agenda of teaching and learning in the new times, and thus, the availability of lifelong learning opportunities will be essential for preparing citizens of the new times to meet the changing needs that confront them.

Résumé

Apprendre tout au long de la vie et apprendre à apprendre: écouter les nouvelles voix d’une nouvelle ère – Au cours des vingt dernières années, l’on a souvent cherché à déterminer si les approches classiques de l’apprentissage et de l’enseignement étaient toujours utiles ou pertinentes. Les institutions œuvrant dans le champ de l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie sont de plus en plus nombreuses et leur champ d’action ne cesse de s’élargir. Aujourd’hui, elles contribuent de manière significative à combler le fossé entre les apports des systèmes d’éducation formelle et les exigences d’un marché du travail en constante évolution. L’apprentissage tout au long de la vie est un mode d’apprentissage intégré, dans le cadre duquel les savoirs acquis de manières formelle et informelle dans différents contextes peuvent accéder au statut de connaissances reconnues. Cette approche contribue à la classification des différentes expériences d’apprentissage en trois catégories : formation de la connaissance, construction de la connaissance et création de la connaissance. Cet article analyse certains concepts caractéristiques du XXIe siècle tels que l’économie du savoir, la diversité et la pluralité, ainsi que l’équité. Il est nécessaire que les communautés proposent à tout un chacun davantage de perspectives d’apprentissage personnalisé, tout particulièrement dans un contexte de changement social rapide et imprévisible. Dans cette nouvelle ère, la mise en contact anticipée avec l’inconnu va devenir un élément central des programmes d’apprentissage et d’enseignement ; par conséquent, l’existence de perspectives d’apprentissage tout au long de la vie sera essentielle pour préparer les citoyens à relever les nouveaux défis qui se présentent à eux.

摘要

过去二十年来,不少研究与文献尝试探索传统的学习和教学方法是否仍然适用21世纪的今天。我们可以看见近年来,不少终身学习的院校成立,出现了一种终身学习建制化的现象。终身学习担当桥梁功能,提供一些新课程去满足急变社会的急变市场的需求,而这些课程在传统的正规学制下是难以提供的。终身学习提供了一个无缝学习的模式,将一个学习者在不同情境的非正规、体验式的学习转化为知识建构和知识创造。本文尝试描绘21世纪社会的特征,诸如知识经济、多元化和均等化等。在新的社会条件下,我们要提供多种机会,让每个独立的个体的学习需求得以满足,以应付急变和不可知的改变社会带来的种种冲击。在新的时代,我们要培养预测未来的能力,以及学习将已知的东西应用到未知的未来的能力。这种新的要求将会影响21世纪学与教的方向。因此,提供适切的终身学习机会以面对新时代的新需求将成为未来学习成功的关键。

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Notes

  1. The full list of thematic groups, including an overview for each of them, is available at http://wcces2013.com/version-ingles/theme-groups/.

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Correspondence to Wing On Lee.

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This paper is an expanded version of the author’s Presidential Address at the XV World Congress of Comparative Education “New Times, New Voices”, organised by the Argentine Society of Comparative Studies in Education on behalf of the World Council of Comparative Education Societies (WCCES), 24–28 June 2013 in Buenos Aires.

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Lee, W.O. Lifelong learning and learning to learn: An enabler of new voices for the new times. Int Rev Educ 60, 463–479 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-014-9443-z

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