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The pathway to English word reading in Chinese ESL children: the role of spelling

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Abstract

The present longitudinal study investigated the role of spelling as a bridge between various reading-related predictors and English word reading in Chinese children learning English as a Second Language (ESL). One hundred and forty-one 5-year-old kindergarten children from Hong Kong, whose first language (L1) was Cantonese and second language (L2) was English, were administered tests of phonological awareness, letter knowledge, English vocabulary, spelling and English word reading at three time points (T1, T2 and T3) at 3-month intervals over a 6-month period. Nonverbal IQ was included as a control variable. The results showed that phonological awareness, letter knowledge and English vocabulary at T1 all predicted English word reading (T3) through spelling (T2). Further mediation analyses showed that, for phonological awareness and English vocabulary, full mediation effects were found. For letter knowledge, a partial mediation effect was observed. These results suggest that, in Chinese ESL kindergarteners, reading-related predictors foster word reading via spelling, a process that intersects phonology, orthography and semantics. Practical implications of these findings were also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This study was partially supported by the Grant from Quality Education Fund (2012/0316), Hong Kong SAR, given to the corresponding author. We sincerely thank all the participating schools and children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong

    Dan Lin, Yingyi Liu, Huilin Sun & Susanna Siu-sze Yeung

  2. Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong

    Richard Kwok Shing Wong

  3. Centre for Brain and Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong

    Dan Lin, Yingyi Liu, Huilin Sun, Richard Kwok Shing Wong & Susanna Siu-sze Yeung

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  1. Dan Lin
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  2. Yingyi Liu
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  5. Susanna Siu-sze Yeung
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Correspondence to Susanna Siu-sze Yeung.

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Lin, D., Liu, Y., Sun, H. et al. The pathway to English word reading in Chinese ESL children: the role of spelling. Read Writ 30, 87–103 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-016-9664-6

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