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Theoretical Analysis of Radiation Properties of X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers

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Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope

We perform a comparative analysis of the radiation of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) LCLS, PAL-XFEL, SwissFEL, SACLA, FLASH2, and European XFEL, as well as the visible radiation of the LEUTL FEL. The spectral characteristics of the considered FELs with account of all the main losses due to the electron energy spread, diffraction, emittance, and the beam diameter are compared. The results of the theoretical studies agree well with the experimental data available for all the FELs under consideration. The possibility to use and amplify harmonics in X-ray FELs with an adjustable dipole parameter (SwissFEL, LCLS-II, SACLA, FLASH2, and European XFEL) is studied. The advantages of amplifying the self-seed radiation of HLSS harmonics are demonstrated, at which the FEL can be made shorter due to efficient bunching at the harmonic wavelengths in a buncher with a great dipole parameter k of the undulator. The possibility of forced bunching discontinuity between the LCLS-II undulators and its influence on the third harmonic amplification are studied theoretically. Comparative analysis of the parameters of radiation, electron beams, and undulators of the considered FELs in various operation regimes is performed.

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Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 96–127, February 2022. Russian DOI: https://doi.org/10.52452/00213462_2022_65_02_96

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Zhukovsky, K.V. Theoretical Analysis of Radiation Properties of X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers. Radiophys Quantum El 65, 88–117 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-022-10197-w

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