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Exotic Spartina alterniflora invasion alters soil nitrous oxide emission dynamics in a coastal wetland of China

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Abstract

Aims

Exotic Spartina alterniflora invasion resulting from anthropogenic activities significantly affects microbial nitrogen (N) transformation and associated nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in coastal wetland soils. However, the responses of soil N2O emission dynamics to plant invasion remain unclear. This study assesses the effects of S. alterniflora invasion on soil N2O potential production and consumption processes.

Methods

We used natural isotope tracing technique to investigate potential N2O production and consumption rates in S. alterniflora invaded and native saltmarsh zones (Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter and bare mudflat) in the Yangtze Estuary.

Results

Soil potential net N2O production rates in summer were lower in S. alterniflora stands than in S. mariqueter and bare mudflat stands, but no significant differences among these saltmarsh habitats occurred during winter. Potential gross N2O production and consumption rates were higher in S. alterniflora and P. australis stands compared to S. mariqueter and bare mudflat stands. The gross consumption proportion in S. alterniflora and P. australis stands was higher, which affected net N2O production. Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation and nitrifier denitrification contributed 4.52–12.62% and 13.87–21.58% of soil N2O source, respectively, but denitrification was the dominant pathway (69.83–80.09%). S. alterniflora invasion increased the contributions of NH2OH oxidation and nitrifier denitrification to N2O source slightly, but decreased the contribution of denitrification to N2O source. Soil potential N2O production and consumption processes were influenced by water-filled pore space, pH, sulfide, and carbon and N substrates.

Conclusion

Exotic S. alterniflora invasion affected soil N2O dynamics by increasing substrates and altering microenvironments, thus mediating N2O emission from coastal saltmarsh soils.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41671463, 41725002, 41761144062, 41730646, and 41601530). It was also supported by Chinese National Key Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (Nos. 2016YFA0600904, and 2016YFE0133700), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Station (ECNU). We thank Wayne S. Gardner, anonymous reviewers and editor for constructive comments and valuable suggestions on this manuscript.

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  1. Dengzhou Gao and Lijun Hou contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Dengzhou Gao, Min Liu, Yanling Zheng, Guoyu Yin, Yi Yang & Ping Han

  2. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China

    Dengzhou Gao, Lijun Hou, Yanling Zheng, Yi Yang, Cheng Liu & Ping Han

  3. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, 8 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou, 350007, China

    Xiaofei Li

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  1. Dengzhou Gao
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Gao, D., Hou, L., Li, X. et al. Exotic Spartina alterniflora invasion alters soil nitrous oxide emission dynamics in a coastal wetland of China. Plant Soil 442, 233–246 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04179-7

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